Ab Initio Calculation of 2H and 4He Binding Energies
Author(s)
B. Schaeffer*
ABSTRACT
The binding energies of all hydrogen isotopes have been calculated successfully for the first time in a previous paper [J Fusion Energy, 30 (2011) 377], using only the electric and magnetic Coulomb’s laws, without using the hypothetical shell model of the nucleus and its mysterious strong force. In this paper, an elementary calculation gives the order of magnitude of the nuclear interaction. The binding energies of the deuteron and the alpha particle are then calculated by taking into account the proton induced electric dipole in the neutron. The large binding energy per nucleon of 4He, as compared to that of 2H, has been explained by a larger electric attraction combined with a lower magnetic repulsion. The binding energies have been calculated without fitting, using only fundamental laws and constants, proving that the nuclear interaction is only electromagnetic.
The binding energies of all hydrogen isotopes have been calculated successfully for the first time in a previous paper [J Fusion Energy, 30 (2011) 377], using only the electric and magnetic Coulomb’s laws, without using the hypothetical shell model of the nucleus and its mysterious strong force. In this paper, an elementary calculation gives the order of magnitude of the nuclear interaction. The binding energies of the deuteron and the alpha particle are then calculated by taking into account the proton induced electric dipole in the neutron. The large binding energy per nucleon of 4He, as compared to that of 2H, has been explained by a larger electric attraction combined with a lower magnetic repulsion. The binding energies have been calculated without fitting, using only fundamental laws and constants, proving that the nuclear interaction is only electromagnetic.
Cite this paper
B. Schaeffer, "Ab Initio Calculation of 2H and 4He Binding Energies," Journal of Modern Physics, Vol. 3 No. 11, 2012, pp. 1709-1715. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2012.311210.
B. Schaeffer, "Ab Initio Calculation of 2H and 4He Binding Energies," Journal of Modern Physics, Vol. 3 No. 11, 2012, pp. 1709-1715. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2012.311210.
References
[1] D. R. Lide, “Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,” 86th Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005. [2] R. Feynman, R. B. Leighton and M. Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics 2,” Pearson/Addison-Wesley, Reading, 2006. [3] G. Gamow, “Les Noyaux Atomiques,” Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, Vol. 5 1935, pp. 89-114. [4] F. Bloch, “Le moment magnétique du neutron,” Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, Vol. 8, 1938, pp. 63-78. [5] J. C. Maxwell, “A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism,” Dover Publications Inc., New York, 1954. [6] C. Q. Choi, “Not So Neutral Neutron,” Scientific American, Vol. 297, No. 6, 2007, p. 37. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1207-37c [7] G. E. Owen, “Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory,” Courier Dover Publications, Oxford, 2003. [8] K. Yosida, “Theory of magnetism,” Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996. [9] V. F. Weisskopf and J. M. Blatt, “Theoretical Nuclear Physics,” Courier Dover Publications, New York, 1991. [10] B. Schaeffer, “Electromagnetic Theory of the Binding Energy of the Hydrogen Isotopes,” Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 30, No. 5, 2011, pp. 377-381.
[1] D. R. Lide, “Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,” 86th Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005. [2] R. Feynman, R. B. Leighton and M. Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics 2,” Pearson/Addison-Wesley, Reading, 2006. [3] G. Gamow, “Les Noyaux Atomiques,” Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, Vol. 5 1935, pp. 89-114. [4] F. Bloch, “Le moment magnétique du neutron,” Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, Vol. 8, 1938, pp. 63-78. [5] J. C. Maxwell, “A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism,” Dover Publications Inc., New York, 1954. [6] C. Q. Choi, “Not So Neutral Neutron,” Scientific American, Vol. 297, No. 6, 2007, p. 37. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1207-37c [7] G. E. Owen, “Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory,” Courier Dover Publications, Oxford, 2003. [8] K. Yosida, “Theory of magnetism,” Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996. [9] V. F. Weisskopf and J. M. Blatt, “Theoretical Nuclear Physics,” Courier Dover Publications, New York, 1991. [10] B. Schaeffer, “Electromagnetic Theory of the Binding Energy of the Hydrogen Isotopes,” Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 30, No. 5, 2011, pp. 377-381.