Isolation and characterization of superior rumen bacteria of cattle (Bos taurus) and potential application in animal feedstuff

Krushna Chandra  Das; Wensheng  Qin

doi:10.4236/ojas.2012.24031

Krushna Chandra Das, Wensheng Qin^*

Abstract: Rumen of cattle harbors many microorganisms responsible for bioconversion of nutrients into a source of energy for the animals. In recent years many rumen microbes have been isolated and characterized by sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Some of the microbes have also been recommended as feed additives for improving the overall growth or production of animals. Rumen bacteria which have potential application in animal feed stuffs were isolated and characterized in this experiment. Isolation was carried out from the rumen of cattle (Bos taurus) using techniques of serial dilutions and repeated tubing of the selectively enriched microbial cultures by using the specific media for rumen bacteria. All the isolates were then screened for in vitro gas production and cellulase enzyme activity and four superior isolates were selected and characterized. There were 18.00% to 23.00% increases in gas production on addition of these isolates to the rumen fluid of cattle and there was better cellulase enzyme activity. Two isolates were identified as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, one isolate as Streptococcus species and one isolate as Clostridium aminophilum. This indicated that, these isolates are superior and may have potential to be used as microbial feed additive in ruminants if fed in higher quantity.

Keywords: Rumen; Bacteria; Feed Additive; Characterization

Cite this paper: Das, K. and Qin, W. (2012) Isolation and characterization of superior rumen bacteria of cattle (Bos taurus) and potential application in animal feedstuff. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2, 224-228. doi: 10.4236/ojas.2012.24031.

References

[1] Kamra, D.N. (2005) Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. Current Science, 89, 124-135.

[2] Dengdi, A., Xiuzhu, D. and Zhiyang, D. (2005) Prokaryote diversity in the rumen of yak (Bos grunniens) and Jinnan cattle (Bos taurus) estimated by 16S rDNA homology analyses. Anaerobe, 11, 207-215. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.02.001

[3] Mamen, D., Vadivel, V., Pugalenthi, M. and Parimelazhagan, T. (2010) Evaluation of fibrolytic activity of two different anaerobic rumen fungal isolates for their utilization as microbial feed additive. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 10, 37-49.

[4] Allison, M.J., Mayberry, W.R., McSweeney, C.S. and Stahl, D.A. (1992) Synergistes jonesii, gen. nov., sp.nov: A rumen bacterium that degrades toxic pyridinediols. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 15, 522-529 doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80111-6

[5] Robinson, J.A., Smolenski, W.J., Greening, R.C., Ogilvie, M.L., Bell, R.L., Barsuhn, K. and Peters, J.P. (1992) Prevention of acute acidosis and enhancement of feed intake in the bovine by Megasphaera elsdenii 407A. Journal of Animal Science, 70, 310 (Abstract).

[6] Anonymous (2011) Cow rumen enzymes for better biofuels. Science Daily, 2011.

[7] Yang, W.Z., Beauchemin, K.A. and Rode, L.M. (2000) A comparison of methods of adding fibrolytic enzymes to lactating cow diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 83, 2512- 2520. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75143-5

[8] Menke, H.H. and Steingass, H. (1988) Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28, 7-55.

[9] Miller, G.L. (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical Chemistry, 31, 426-428. doi:10.1021/ac60147a030

[10] Xiao, Z., Storms, R. and Tsang, A. (2004) Microplate-based filter paper assay to measure total cellulose activity. Biotechnol Bioeng, 88, 832-837. doi:10.1002/bit.20286

[11] Akinfemi, A., Adesanya, A.O. and Aya, V.E. (2009) Use of an in vitro gas production technique to evaluate some Nigerian feedstuffs. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 4, 240-245.

[12] Das, K.C., Hundal, J., Mahapatra, P.S., Subudhi, P.K. and Sharma, K. (2010) Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of fodder tree leaves and shrubs. Indian Veterinary Journal, 87, 899-901.

[13] Krause, D.O., McSweeney, C.S. and Forster, R. J. (1999) Molecular ecological methods to study fibrolytic ruminal bacteria: Phylogeny, competition, and persistence. In: Bell, C.R., Brylinsky, M. and Johnson-Green, P., Eds., Microbial Biosystems: New Frontiers Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology, Atlantic Canada Society for Microbial Ecology, Halifax, 1999.

[14] Cotta, M.A. and Zeltwanger, R.L. (1995) Degradation and utilization of xylan by the ruminal bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Selenomonas ruminantium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61, 4396-4402.

[15] Ohkawara, S., Furuya, H., Nagashima, K., Asanuma, N. and Hino, T. (2005) Oral administration of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a butyrate-producing bacterium, decreases the formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon and rectum of mice. Journal of Nutrition, 135, 2878-2883.

[16] Schwarz, W.H. (2001) The cellulosome and cellulose degradation by anaerobic bacteria. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 56, 634-649. doi:10.1007/s002530100710

[17] Oyeleke, S.B. and Okusanmi, T.A. (2008) Isolation and characterization of cellulose hydro-lyzing microorganism from the rumen of ruminants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 1503-1504.

[18] Dunican, L.K. and Seeley, H.W. (1962) Starch hydrolysis by Streptococcus equinus. Journal of Bacteriology, 83, 264-269. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13888473

[19] Lee, R.W. and Botts, R.L. (1988) Evaluation of a single oral dosing and continuous feeding of Streptococcus faecium M74 (Syntabac) on the performance of incoming feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 66, 460.

[20] Saitou, N. and Nei, M. (1987) The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4, 406-425.

[21] Yu, I. K. (1996) Secretion of Clostridium cellulase by E. coli. United States Patent 5496725.

[22] Varel, V.H. and Pond, W.G. (1992) Characteristics of a new cellulolytic Clostridium sp. isolated from pig intestinal tract. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 1645-1649.

[23] Atiwood, G.T., Reilly, K. and Patel, B.K.C. (1996) Clostridium proteoclasticum sp. nov., a Novel Proteolytic Bacterium from the Bovine Rumen. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 46, 753-758. doi:/10.1099/00207713-46-3-753