[1] American Cancer Society, “Colorectal Cancer Facts & Figures 2011-2013,” American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 2011.
[2] S. M. Ronnekleiv-Kelly and G. D. Kennedy, “Management of Stage IV Rectal Cancer: Palliative Options,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 17, No. 7, 2011, pp. 835-847. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i7.835
[3] A. Jemal, R. Siegel, E. Ward, Y. Hao, J. Xu and M. J. Thun, “Cancer Statistics, 2009,” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Vol. 59, No. 4, 2009, pp. 225-249. doi:10.3322/caac.20006
[4] R. Stangl, A. Altendorf-Hofmann, R. M. Charnley and J. Scheele, “Factors Influencing the Natural History of Colorectal Liver Metastases,” Lancet, Vol. 343, No. 8910, 1994, pp. 1405-1410. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92529-1
[5] R. J. Heald and R. D. H. Ryall, “Recurrence and Survival after Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer,” Lancet, Vol. 327, No. 8496, 1986, pp. 1479-1482. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91510-2
[6] J. K. MacFarlane, R. D. H. Ryall and R. J. Heald, “Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer,” Lancet, Vol. 341, No. 8843, 1993, pp. 457-460. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90207-W
[7] Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial, “Improved Survival with Preoperative Radiotherapy in Resectable Rectal Cancer,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 336, No. 14, 1997, pp. 980-987. doi:10.1056/NEJM199704033361402
[8] C. Camma, M. Giunta, F. Fiorica, et al., “Preoperative Radiotherapy for Resectable Rectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis,” Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 284, No. 8, 2000, pp. 1008-1015. doi:10.1001/jama.284.8.1008
[9] A. DeGramont, J. F. Bosset, C. Milan, P. Rougier, O. Bouché, P. L. Etienne, F. Morvan, C. Louvet, T. Guillot, E. Francois and L. Bedenne, “Randomized Trial Comparing Monthly Low-Dose Leucovorin and Fluorouracil Bolus with Bimonthly High-Dose Leucovorin and Fluorouracil Bolus Plus Continuous Infusion for Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A French Intergroup Study,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1997, pp. 808-815.
[10] T. Kramer, R. Share, K. Kiel, et al., “Intraoperative Radiation Therapy of Colorectal Cancer,” In: M. Abe, Ed., Intraoperative Radiation Therapy, Pergamon Press, New York, 1991, pp. 308-310.
[11] I. D. Nagtegaal, C. A. Marijnen, E. K. Kranenbarg, et al., “Circumferential Margin Involvement Is Still an Important Predictor of Local Recurrence in Rectal Carcinoma: Not One Millimeter But Two Millimeters Is the Limit,” American Journal of Surgical Pathology, Vol. 26, No. 3, 2002, pp. 350-357. doi:10.1097/00000478-200203000-00009
[12] A. Wibe, P. R. Rendedal, E. Svensson, et al., “Prognostic Significance of the Circumferential Resection Margin Following Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer,” British Journal of Surgery, Vol. 89, No. 3, 2002, pp. 327-334. doi:10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.02024.x
[13] J. F. Bosset, L. Collette, G. Calais, et al., “Chemotherapy with Preoperative Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 355, No. 11, 2006, pp. 1114-1123. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa060829
[14] R. K. Wong, V. Tandan, S. De Silva, A. Figueredo, “Pre-Operative Radiotherapy and Curative Surgery for the Management of Localized Rectal Carcinoma,” Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2007, p. CD 002102.
[15] C. G. Willett and L. L. Gunderson, “Palliative Treatment of Rectal Cancer: Is Radiotherapy Alone a Good Option?” Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2004, pp. 277-279. doi:10.1016/j.gassur.2003.11.015
[16] S. H. Bae, W. Park, D. H. Choi, H. Nam, W. K. Kang, Y. S. Park, J. O. Park, H. K. Chun, W. Y. Lee, S. H. Yun and H. C. Kim, “Palliative Radiotherapy in Patients with a Symptomatic Pelvic Mass of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer,” Radiation Oncology, Vol. 6, No. 52, 2011, pp. 1-8. doi:10.1186/1748-717X-6-52
[17] A. Suppiah, J. E. Hartley and J. R. Monson, “Advances in Radiotherapy in Operable Rectal Cancer,” Digestive Surgery, Vol. 26, No. 3, 2009, pp. 187-199. doi:10.1159/000219931