Urban Sprawl and the Challenges for Urban Planning
Affiliation(s)
Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, S?o Paulo, Brazil. Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, S?o Paulo, Brazil. Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
ABSTRACT
Dispersed urbanization, urban planning and management instruments such as zoning, and urban expansion zones, have become increasingly consistent in leading cities toward an uncertain and chaotic future. The urban perimeters of municipalities have been used increasingly in favor agents of the reproduction of unequal urban space, aggravating the process of socio-spatial segregation, the formation of urban gaps and real estate speculation. Inherent to this process, infrastructure, one of the most important components of urban land and one of the most costly for local governments, has become increasingly dispersed and obsolete in the midst of the disordered occupation of the city’s land. Based on the above, this paper aims to analyze the phenomenon of urban sprawl in the city of Londrina by means of geotechnologies and to identify the impacts that the form of land occupation the city has employed may cause on the current and future scenario of the municipality in general. To this end, thematic maps were drawn up from multiple sources, which, allied to a review of the literature, indicate that the municipality of Londrina exhibits intense characteristics of the phenomenon of urban sprawl, leading to consequences for territorial ordering and the egalitarian spatial distribution of essential services to the population.
Dispersed urbanization, urban planning and management instruments such as zoning, and urban expansion zones, have become increasingly consistent in leading cities toward an uncertain and chaotic future. The urban perimeters of municipalities have been used increasingly in favor agents of the reproduction of unequal urban space, aggravating the process of socio-spatial segregation, the formation of urban gaps and real estate speculation. Inherent to this process, infrastructure, one of the most important components of urban land and one of the most costly for local governments, has become increasingly dispersed and obsolete in the midst of the disordered occupation of the city’s land. Based on the above, this paper aims to analyze the phenomenon of urban sprawl in the city of Londrina by means of geotechnologies and to identify the impacts that the form of land occupation the city has employed may cause on the current and future scenario of the municipality in general. To this end, thematic maps were drawn up from multiple sources, which, allied to a review of the literature, indicate that the municipality of Londrina exhibits intense characteristics of the phenomenon of urban sprawl, leading to consequences for territorial ordering and the egalitarian spatial distribution of essential services to the population.
Cite this paper
M. Polidoro, J. Lollo and M. Barros, "Urban Sprawl and the Challenges for Urban Planning," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 3 No. 9, 2012, pp. 1010-1019. doi: 10.4236/jep.2012.39117.
M. Polidoro, J. Lollo and M. Barros, "Urban Sprawl and the Challenges for Urban Planning," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 3 No. 9, 2012, pp. 1010-1019. doi: 10.4236/jep.2012.39117.
References
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[1] R. Rolnik, “Planejamento e gest?o: Um Diálogo de Surdos?” In: Funda??o Prefeito Faria Lima—CEPAM, Estatuto da Cidade, Coordenado por Mariana Moreira, S?o Paulo, 2001, 482p. [2] R. Burchell and S. Mukhjerji, “Conventional Development versus Managed Growth: The Costs of Sprawl,” American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 93, No. 9, 2003, pp. 1534-1540. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1534 [3] A. Carbonell and R. Yaro, “American Spatial Development and the New Megalopolis,” Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, 2005. [4] E. Limonad, “Urbaniza??o Dispersa: Mais uma Forma de Express?o Urbana?” Revista Forma??o (Presidente Prudente), Vol. 1, No. 14, 2007, pp. 31-45. [5] A. G. Aurand, “Is Smart Growth for Low-Income House- holds: A Study of the Impact of Four Smart Growth Principles on the Supply of Affordable Housing,” Doctoral Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 2007, 451p. [6] R. Ojima and D. J. Hogan, “Crescimento Urbano e Peri- Urbaniza??o: Redistribui??o Espacial da Popula??o em Novas Fronteiras da Mudan?a Ambiental,” Anais do IV Encontro da Associa??o Nacional de Pós-Gradua??o e Pesquisa em Ambiente e Sociedade, Brasília, 2008. [7] R. Ojima and D. J. Hogan, “Popula??o, Urbaniza??o e Ambiente no Cenário das Mudan?as Ambientais Globais: Debates e Desafios Para a Demografia Brasileira. Anais do XVI Encontro Nacional de Estudos Populacionais, Brasília, 2008, 13p. [8] R. Ewing, “Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable?” Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 63, No. 1, 1997, pp. 107-125. [9] R. Burchell, “The costs of Sprawl,” Transportation Cooperative Research Program Report 39, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1998. [10] A. Downs, “How America’s Cities Are Growing,” Brook- ings Review, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1998, pp. 8-12. doi:10.2307/20080808 [11] A. Duany, E. Plater-Zyberk and J. Speck, “Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream,” North Point Press, New York, 2000. [12] R. Burchell, “Costs of Sprawl,” Transportation Cooperative Research Program Report 74, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 2002. [13] M. Orfield, “American Metropolitics: The New Suburban Reality,” Brookings Institution Press, Washington DC, 2002. [14] T. M. Fresca, “A área Central de Londrina: Uma Análise Geográfica,” Revista Geografia (Londrina), Vol. 16, No. 2, 2007, pp. 143-166. [15] N. Razente, “Ocupa??o do Espa?o Urbano de Londrina,” Disserta??o de Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, 1983, 393p. [16] C. C. Casaril, “A Expans?o Físico-Territorial da Cidade de Londrina e seu Processo de Verticaliza??o: 1950-2000,” Revista Geografia (Londrina), Vol. 18, No. 1, 2009, pp. 65-94. [17] V. B. P. Albuquerque, “Especula??o e Valoriza??o Imob- iliária na Palhano em Londrina: Rítmicas pelo Espa?o e Tempo da Produ??o Condominial,” Disserta??o de Mes- trado, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Floria- nópolis, 2005, 384p. [18] V. R. L. Passos, “A Verticaliza??o de Londrina: 1970/ 2000,” Disserta??o de Mestrado, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 2007. [19] H. Frumkim, L. Frank and R. Jackson, “Urban Sprawl and Public Health: Designing, Planning and Building for Health Communities,” Island Press, Washington DC, 2004, 279p. [20] European Environmental Agency, “Urban Sprawl in Europe: The Ignored Challenge,” Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 2006, 60p. [21] J. A. P. Oliveira, “Desafios do Planejamento em Políticas Públicas: Diferentes Vis?es e Práticas,” RAP (Rio de Jan- eiro), Vol. 40, No. 1, 2006, pp. 273-287. [22] F. Villa?a, “Perspectivas do Planejamento Urbano No Brasil de Hoje,” Anais do II Seminário Cidades Brasil- eiras—Desejos e Possibilidades, Campo Grande, 2000, pp. 31-47. [23] F. Villa?a, “As Ilus?es do Plano Diretor,” 2005. http://www.usp.br/fau/fau/galeria/paginas/index.html