Mechanical Properties of Powder Based Steel used as Backing Plate in Heavy Duty Brake Pad Manufacturing
Affiliation(s)
Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee – 247667 (INDIA).
Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee – 247667 (INDIA).
ABSTRACT
The aims of the present study is to develop a powder based steel used as backing plate for heavy duty brake pad applications. Three powder based back plate steel compositions namely B1 (C- 0.3, Cu – 1.5, P -0.3, Fe – 97.9), B2 (C- 0.1, Cu – 2.5, SiC-1, Fe – 96.4) and B3(C- 0.5, Cu – 2.5, SiC-1, Fe – 96.0) were prepared using a hot powder preform forging technique. The forged samples are of (25× 50×10 mm3) dimensions. These samples were hot rolled and annealed to relieve the residual stresses. These samples were characterized in terms of microstructure, porosity content/densification, hardness and tensile properties. Densification as high near to theoretical density has been realized. Hot powder preform forging using closed die showed better densification. Rolled and annealed microstructure showed lesser porosity content than the forged one. Phosphorous causes hardening of ferrite in solid solution with iron. Compositions B1, showed reasonable elongation and it improved further on annealing. It was observed in this present investigation that, the addition, such as SiC and Cu caused increase in strength. Steel developed in the investigation are used as powder based backing plate in Manufacturing of iron based brake pads used in heavy duty applications.
The aims of the present study is to develop a powder based steel used as backing plate for heavy duty brake pad applications. Three powder based back plate steel compositions namely B1 (C- 0.3, Cu – 1.5, P -0.3, Fe – 97.9), B2 (C- 0.1, Cu – 2.5, SiC-1, Fe – 96.4) and B3(C- 0.5, Cu – 2.5, SiC-1, Fe – 96.0) were prepared using a hot powder preform forging technique. The forged samples are of (25× 50×10 mm3) dimensions. These samples were hot rolled and annealed to relieve the residual stresses. These samples were characterized in terms of microstructure, porosity content/densification, hardness and tensile properties. Densification as high near to theoretical density has been realized. Hot powder preform forging using closed die showed better densification. Rolled and annealed microstructure showed lesser porosity content than the forged one. Phosphorous causes hardening of ferrite in solid solution with iron. Compositions B1, showed reasonable elongation and it improved further on annealing. It was observed in this present investigation that, the addition, such as SiC and Cu caused increase in strength. Steel developed in the investigation are used as powder based backing plate in Manufacturing of iron based brake pads used in heavy duty applications.
Cite this paper
M. Asif, K. Chandra and P. Misra, "Mechanical Properties of Powder Based Steel used as Backing Plate in Heavy Duty Brake Pad Manufacturing," Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, Vol. 11 No. 5, 2012, pp. 509-518. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2012.115036.
M. Asif, K. Chandra and P. Misra, "Mechanical Properties of Powder Based Steel used as Backing Plate in Heavy Duty Brake Pad Manufacturing," Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, Vol. 11 No. 5, 2012, pp. 509-518. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2012.115036.
References
[1] Anandakrishnan V., Sivasankaran S., Prasad K, Panday K.S., December 2009, “Influence of carbon content on workability behavior of Powder metallurgy steel”, Transaction of PMAI,Vol.35, pp26-27. [2] Jones P., Golder K.B., Lawcock R., Shivanath R., April/May 1997, “Densification strategies for high endurance P/M components”, Int. J. Powder Metall. Vol. 33 (3), pp 37– 43. [3] Das, J., Chandra, K., Misra, P.S., Sharma, B., 2008, “Hardness and tensile properties of Fe–P based alloys made through powder forging technique”. Material. Science. Engg. A, Vol. 479, pp164–170. [4] Lenin S. D. “Development of friction materials through powder metallurgy”, Ph.D.Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (INDIA) 2008. [5] Misra P. S., Chandra K. “Development of High Temperature Oxidations Resistant Glassy Coating” Indian Patent, application No. 153/DEL/2010 dated Jan. 27, 2010. [6] Asif M., Chandra K., Misra P. S., 2010, “Tribological Studies of Iron-based Brake pads made by P/M route used for Heavy Duty applications “paper Presented in International Conference organized by PMAI , PM-10 (Jan 11-13, 2010, Jaipur, India.), and published in transaction of PMAI, Vol. 36., pp78-81. [7] Misra P.S., Chandra K. “A process for Manufacturing Cermets Friction Materials/composites/Brake Elements With Built in Backing Plates” Indian Patent, application No. 2420/DEL/2006 dated Nov. 7 , 2006.
[1] Anandakrishnan V., Sivasankaran S., Prasad K, Panday K.S., December 2009, “Influence of carbon content on workability behavior of Powder metallurgy steel”, Transaction of PMAI,Vol.35, pp26-27. [2] Jones P., Golder K.B., Lawcock R., Shivanath R., April/May 1997, “Densification strategies for high endurance P/M components”, Int. J. Powder Metall. Vol. 33 (3), pp 37– 43. [3] Das, J., Chandra, K., Misra, P.S., Sharma, B., 2008, “Hardness and tensile properties of Fe–P based alloys made through powder forging technique”. Material. Science. Engg. A, Vol. 479, pp164–170. [4] Lenin S. D. “Development of friction materials through powder metallurgy”, Ph.D.Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (INDIA) 2008. [5] Misra P. S., Chandra K. “Development of High Temperature Oxidations Resistant Glassy Coating” Indian Patent, application No. 153/DEL/2010 dated Jan. 27, 2010. [6] Asif M., Chandra K., Misra P. S., 2010, “Tribological Studies of Iron-based Brake pads made by P/M route used for Heavy Duty applications “paper Presented in International Conference organized by PMAI , PM-10 (Jan 11-13, 2010, Jaipur, India.), and published in transaction of PMAI, Vol. 36., pp78-81. [7] Misra P.S., Chandra K. “A process for Manufacturing Cermets Friction Materials/composites/Brake Elements With Built in Backing Plates” Indian Patent, application No. 2420/DEL/2006 dated Nov. 7 , 2006.