Developed New Procedure for Low Concentrations of Hydrazine Determination by Spectrophotometry: Hydrazine-Potassium Permanganate System
Affiliation(s)
Reprocessing Group, Indira Gandhi centre for atomic research, Kalpakkam, India. Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
Reprocessing Group, Indira Gandhi centre for atomic research, Kalpakkam, India. Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
ABSTRACT
An indirect, sensitive and accurate method for the determination of trace amounts of hydrazine is described. In this proposed the spectrophotometric method is based on its reduction properties of hydrazine with a known concentration of potassium permanganate to reduce the colour. The absorbance of unreduced permanganate is measured the colour difference at different wavelengths 546 and 526 nm which show an absorption spectrum with hydrazine. Hydrazine can be determined in the range of 100 - 700 μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.999 and relative standard deviation 1%. The method is successfully applied for the determination of hydrazine in water streams in nuclear reactors/purex process/boiler water and polluted water samples.
An indirect, sensitive and accurate method for the determination of trace amounts of hydrazine is described. In this proposed the spectrophotometric method is based on its reduction properties of hydrazine with a known concentration of potassium permanganate to reduce the colour. The absorbance of unreduced permanganate is measured the colour difference at different wavelengths 546 and 526 nm which show an absorption spectrum with hydrazine. Hydrazine can be determined in the range of 100 - 700 μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.999 and relative standard deviation 1%. The method is successfully applied for the determination of hydrazine in water streams in nuclear reactors/purex process/boiler water and polluted water samples.
Cite this paper
S. Ganesh, F. Khan, M. Ahmed, P. Velavendan, N. Pandey and U. Mudali, "Developed New Procedure for Low Concentrations of Hydrazine Determination by Spectrophotometry: Hydrazine-Potassium Permanganate System," Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2012, pp. 98-102. doi: 10.4236/jasmi.2012.22018.
S. Ganesh, F. Khan, M. Ahmed, P. Velavendan, N. Pandey and U. Mudali, "Developed New Procedure for Low Concentrations of Hydrazine Determination by Spectrophotometry: Hydrazine-Potassium Permanganate System," Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2012, pp. 98-102. doi: 10.4236/jasmi.2012.22018.
References
[1] L. F. Audrieth and B. A. Ogg, “The Chemistry of Hy drazines,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1951, p. 225. [2] V. Vatsala, V. Bansal, D. K. Tuili, M. M. Rai, M. M. Jain, S. P. Srivastava and A. K. Bhatnagar, “Gaschromatographic Determination of Residual Hydrazine and Morpholine in Boiler Feed Water and Steam Condensates,” Chromatographia, Vol. 38, No. 7-8, 1994, p. 456. doi:10.1007/BF02269836 [3] S. L. Larson and A. B. Strong, Technical Report, IRRP-96-3, 1996. [4] F. Matsui, D. L. Robertson and E. G. Lovering, “Determination of Hydrazine in Pharmaceuticals III: Hydralazine and Isoniazid Using GLC,” Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 72, 8, 1983, pp. 948-951. doi:10.1002/jps.2600720829 [5] P. E. Kester and N. D. Danielson, “Determination of Hydrazine and 1, 1-Dimethylhydrazine as Salicyldehyde Derivates by Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection,” Chromatographia, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1984, pp. 125-128. doi:10.1007/BF02258767 [6] G. W. Watt and J. D. Chrisp, “Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Hydrazine,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 24, No. 12, 1952, pp. 2006-2008. doi:10.1021/ac60072a044 [7] Y. Y. Liu, J. Schemeltz and D. Hoffman, “Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke. Quantitative Analysis of Hydrazine in Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 46, No. 7, 1974, pp. 885-889. doi:10.1021/ac60343a046 [8] G. Neurath and W. J. Luttich, “Gas Chromatographic Separation of 5-Nitro-2-hydroxybenzal Derivatives of Unsymmetric Hydrazines,” Journal of Chormatography A, Vol. 34, 1968, pp. 257-258. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(68)80047-0 [9] S. Ganesh, F. Khan, M. K. Ahmed and S. K. Pandey, “Sequential Determination of Free Acidity and Hydrazine in Presence of Hydrolysable Ions,” Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 99, No. 9, 2011, pp. 587-591. doi:10.1524/ract.2011.1836 [10] S. Ganesh, F. Khan, M. K. Ahmed and S. K. Pandey, “Potentiometric Determination of Free Acidity in Presence of Hydrolysable Ions and Sequential Determination of Hydrazine,” Talanta, Vo. 85, No. 2, 2011, pp. 958-963. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.05.001 [11] C. Gojon and B. Dureault, “Spectrophotometric Study of the Reaction between Hydrazine and p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde,” Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 33, No. 9, 1966, pp. 731-735. doi:10.3327/jnst.33.731 [12] R. Kaveeshwar and V. K. Gupta, “A New Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Hydrazine in Environmental Samples,” Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 344, No. 3, 1992, pp. 114-117. doi:10.1007/BF00325125 [13] S. Amlathe and V. K. Gupta, “Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Hydrazine in Polluted Water,” Analyst, Vol. 13, No. 9, 1988, pp. 1481-1483. doi:10.1039/an9881301481 [14] J. Manes, P. Campillos, G. Front, H. Martre and P. Prognon, “Extraction-Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrazine with 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde,” Analyst, Vol. 112, No. 8, 1987, pp. 1183-1184. doi:10.1039/an9871201183 [15] A. Besada, ”Analytical Use of Copper (II)-Neocuproine in the Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrazines,” Analytical Letters, Vol. 21, 10, 1988, pp. 1917-1925.. doi:10.1080/00032718808066357 [16] O. S. Sire and J. Burno, Talanta, Vol. 47, 1979, pp. 26. [17] M. Roth and J. Rieder, “Spektrofluorometrische Bestimmung von Hydrazinen und Deren Anwendungzur Quantitativen Bestimmung von Benzylhydrazin in Biologischen Proben,” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 27, 1962, pp. 20-26. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88442-1 [18] T. Pal, D. S. Maity and A. Ganguly, “Use of a Silver-Gelatin Complex for the Determination of Micro-Amounts of Hydrazine in Water,” Analyst, Vol. 111, No. 12, 1986, pp. 1413-1415. doi:10.1039/an9861101413 [19] A. Besada, “A Simple Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Hydrazine Salts by Reaction with Phosphomolybdic Acid,” Mikrochimica Acta, Vol. 111, No. 5-6, 1985, pp. 343-346. doi:10.1007/BF01196832 [20] R. P. V. Krishna, R. R. Samba Siva and C. Rambabu, Acta Ciencia Indica, Vol. 4, 1978, pp. 13. [21] M. George, K. S. Nagaraj and N. Balasubramanian, “Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrazine,” Talanta, Vol. 75, No. 1, 2008, pp. 27-31. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2007.09.002 [22] A. M. Haji Shabani, S. Dadfarnia and K. Dehghan, “Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Quantities of Hydrazine,” Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2004, pp. 213-215. doi:10.5012/bkcs.2004.25.2.213 [23] J. Mendham, R. C. Denney, J. D. Barnes and M. Thomas, “Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis,” 6th Edition, 2002, p. 441. [24] S. Ganesh, F. Khan, M. K. Ahmed and S. K. Pandey, “Sequential Determination of Uranium (IV), Free Acidity and Hydrazine in a Single Aliquot,” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 286, No. 1, 2010, pp. 33-37. doi:10.1007/s10967-010-0663-9 [25] J. Mendham, R. C. Denney, J. D. Barnes and M. Thomas, “Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis,” 6th Edition, 2002, p. 350.
[1] L. F. Audrieth and B. A. Ogg, “The Chemistry of Hy drazines,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1951, p. 225. [2] V. Vatsala, V. Bansal, D. K. Tuili, M. M. Rai, M. M. Jain, S. P. Srivastava and A. K. Bhatnagar, “Gaschromatographic Determination of Residual Hydrazine and Morpholine in Boiler Feed Water and Steam Condensates,” Chromatographia, Vol. 38, No. 7-8, 1994, p. 456. doi:10.1007/BF02269836 [3] S. L. Larson and A. B. Strong, Technical Report, IRRP-96-3, 1996. [4] F. Matsui, D. L. Robertson and E. G. Lovering, “Determination of Hydrazine in Pharmaceuticals III: Hydralazine and Isoniazid Using GLC,” Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 72, 8, 1983, pp. 948-951. doi:10.1002/jps.2600720829 [5] P. E. Kester and N. D. Danielson, “Determination of Hydrazine and 1, 1-Dimethylhydrazine as Salicyldehyde Derivates by Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection,” Chromatographia, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1984, pp. 125-128. doi:10.1007/BF02258767 [6] G. W. Watt and J. D. Chrisp, “Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Hydrazine,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 24, No. 12, 1952, pp. 2006-2008. doi:10.1021/ac60072a044 [7] Y. Y. Liu, J. Schemeltz and D. Hoffman, “Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke. Quantitative Analysis of Hydrazine in Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 46, No. 7, 1974, pp. 885-889. doi:10.1021/ac60343a046 [8] G. Neurath and W. J. Luttich, “Gas Chromatographic Separation of 5-Nitro-2-hydroxybenzal Derivatives of Unsymmetric Hydrazines,” Journal of Chormatography A, Vol. 34, 1968, pp. 257-258. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(68)80047-0 [9] S. Ganesh, F. Khan, M. K. Ahmed and S. K. Pandey, “Sequential Determination of Free Acidity and Hydrazine in Presence of Hydrolysable Ions,” Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 99, No. 9, 2011, pp. 587-591. doi:10.1524/ract.2011.1836 [10] S. Ganesh, F. Khan, M. K. Ahmed and S. K. Pandey, “Potentiometric Determination of Free Acidity in Presence of Hydrolysable Ions and Sequential Determination of Hydrazine,” Talanta, Vo. 85, No. 2, 2011, pp. 958-963. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.05.001 [11] C. Gojon and B. Dureault, “Spectrophotometric Study of the Reaction between Hydrazine and p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde,” Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 33, No. 9, 1966, pp. 731-735. doi:10.3327/jnst.33.731 [12] R. Kaveeshwar and V. K. Gupta, “A New Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Hydrazine in Environmental Samples,” Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 344, No. 3, 1992, pp. 114-117. doi:10.1007/BF00325125 [13] S. Amlathe and V. K. Gupta, “Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Hydrazine in Polluted Water,” Analyst, Vol. 13, No. 9, 1988, pp. 1481-1483. doi:10.1039/an9881301481 [14] J. Manes, P. Campillos, G. Front, H. Martre and P. Prognon, “Extraction-Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrazine with 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde,” Analyst, Vol. 112, No. 8, 1987, pp. 1183-1184. doi:10.1039/an9871201183 [15] A. Besada, ”Analytical Use of Copper (II)-Neocuproine in the Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrazines,” Analytical Letters, Vol. 21, 10, 1988, pp. 1917-1925.. doi:10.1080/00032718808066357 [16] O. S. Sire and J. Burno, Talanta, Vol. 47, 1979, pp. 26. [17] M. Roth and J. Rieder, “Spektrofluorometrische Bestimmung von Hydrazinen und Deren Anwendungzur Quantitativen Bestimmung von Benzylhydrazin in Biologischen Proben,” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 27, 1962, pp. 20-26. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88442-1 [18] T. Pal, D. S. Maity and A. Ganguly, “Use of a Silver-Gelatin Complex for the Determination of Micro-Amounts of Hydrazine in Water,” Analyst, Vol. 111, No. 12, 1986, pp. 1413-1415. doi:10.1039/an9861101413 [19] A. Besada, “A Simple Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Hydrazine Salts by Reaction with Phosphomolybdic Acid,” Mikrochimica Acta, Vol. 111, No. 5-6, 1985, pp. 343-346. doi:10.1007/BF01196832 [20] R. P. V. Krishna, R. R. Samba Siva and C. Rambabu, Acta Ciencia Indica, Vol. 4, 1978, pp. 13. [21] M. George, K. S. Nagaraj and N. Balasubramanian, “Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrazine,” Talanta, Vol. 75, No. 1, 2008, pp. 27-31. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2007.09.002 [22] A. M. Haji Shabani, S. Dadfarnia and K. Dehghan, “Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Quantities of Hydrazine,” Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2004, pp. 213-215. doi:10.5012/bkcs.2004.25.2.213 [23] J. Mendham, R. C. Denney, J. D. Barnes and M. Thomas, “Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis,” 6th Edition, 2002, p. 441. [24] S. Ganesh, F. Khan, M. K. Ahmed and S. K. Pandey, “Sequential Determination of Uranium (IV), Free Acidity and Hydrazine in a Single Aliquot,” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 286, No. 1, 2010, pp. 33-37. doi:10.1007/s10967-010-0663-9 [25] J. Mendham, R. C. Denney, J. D. Barnes and M. Thomas, “Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis,” 6th Edition, 2002, p. 350.