Elevated glucagon-like peptide-1 on a high-fat diet feeding prevents the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Leprfa rats

Takahiro  Hata; Takeshi  Ohta; Yukihito  Ishii; Tomohiko  Sasase; Takayuki  Yamaguchi; Yasuko  Mera; Katsuhiro  Miyajima; Gimpei  Tanoue; Eimei  Sato; Mutsuyoshi  Matsushita

doi:10.4236/jdm.2012.22027

JDM Vol.2 No.2 , May 2012

Elevated glucagon-like peptide-1 on a high-fat diet feeding prevents the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Leprfa rats

Takahiro Hata, Takeshi Ohta^*, Yukihito Ishii, Tomohiko Sasase, Takayuki Yamaguchi, Yasuko Mera, Katsuhiro Miyajima, Gimpei Tanoue, Eimei Sato, Mutsuyoshi Matsushita

Abstract: Nutritional regulation plays a critical role to reduce the incidence or progression of diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated the effects of a high-fat diet on Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Leprfa (SDT fatty) rats, a novel model for obese type 2 diabetes. The SDT fatty rats were divided into two dietary groups, which were fed a high-fat diet or a standard diet for 18 weeks, from 6 to 24 weeks of age. The calorie intake in the high-fat diet (HF) group was reduced after 10 weeks of age and the group inhibited an incidence of diabetes. Interestingly, the HF induced an increase of serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in SDT fatty rats with refeeding. Fat tissue weights in the HF group increased, but the visceral fat/subcutaneous fat (V/S) ratio decreased. Moreover, histopathological observations revealed an improvement of the pancreatic abnormalities and fatty liver in the HF group. In conclusion, a preventive effect on diabetes in rats fed a high-fat diet has a relation with an increase in incretin hormone, and it might be advantageous for prevention of incidence or progression of diabetes to develop functional foods inducing an increase in incretin hormone.

Keywords: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1; High Fat Diets; SDT Fatty Rats

Cite this paper: Hata, T. , Ohta, T. , Ishii, Y. , Sasase, T. , Yamaguchi, T. , Mera, Y. , Miyajima, K. , Tanoue, G. , Sato, E. and Matsushita, M. (2012) Elevated glucagon-like peptide-1 on a high-fat diet feeding prevents the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Lepr^fa rats. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 2, 170-178. doi: 10.4236/jdm.2012.22027.

References

[1] Nathan, D.M., Buse, J.B., Davidson, M.B., Heine, R.J., Holman, R.R., Sherwin, R. and Zinman, B. (2006) Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy. A consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetologia, 49, 1711-1721. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0316-2

[2] Fujimori, Y., Katsuno, K., Ojima, K., Nakashima, I., Nakano, S., Ishikawa-Takemura, Y., Kusama, H. and Isaji, M. (2009) Sergliflozin etabonate, a selective SGLT2 inhibitor, improves glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and Zucker fatty rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 609, 148-154. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.03.007

[3] DeFronzo, R.A. and Abdul-Ghani, M. (2011) Type 2 diabetes can be prevented with early pharmacological intervention. Diabetes Care, 34, S202-S209. doi:10.2337/dc11-s221

[4] Everitt, A.V., Hilmer, S.N., Brand-Miller, J.C., Jamieson, H.A., Truswell, A.S., Sharma, A.P., Mason, R.S., Morris, B.J. and Le Couteur, D.G. (2006) Dietary approaches that delay age-related diseases. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1, 11-31. doi:10.2147/ciia.2006.1.1.11

[5] Ludwig, D.S. (2002) The glycemic index: Physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 287, 2414-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.287.18.2414

[6] Weisburger, J.H. (2002) Lifestyle, health and disease prevention: The underlying mechanisms. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 11, S1-S7.

[7] Weir, M.R. (2004) Dietary salt, blood pressure, and microalbuminuria. The Journal of Clinical Hypertens, 6, 23-26. doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2004.04066.x

[8] Masuyama, T., Katsuda, Y. and Shinohara, M. (2005) A novel model of obesity-related diabetes: Introgression of the Leprfa allele of the Zucker fatty rat into nonobese Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats. Experimental Animals, 54, 13-20. doi:10.1538/expanim.54.13

[9] Matsui, K., Ohta, T., Morinaga, H., Sasase, T., Fukuda, S., Ito, M., Ueda, M., Ogawa, N., Miyajima, K. and Matsushita, M. (2008) Effects of preventing hyperphagia on glycolipid metabolic abnormalities in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats. Animal Science Journal, 79, 605-613. doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00570.x

[10] Matsui, K., Ohta, T., Oda, T., Sasase, T., Ueda, N., Miyajima, K., Masuyama, T., Shinohara, M. and Matsushita, M. (2008) Diabetes-associated complications in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats. Experimental Animals, 57, 111-121. doi:10.1538/expanim.57.111

[11] Morinaga, H., Ohta, T., Matsui, K., Sasase, T., Fukuda, S., Ito, M., Ueda, M., Ishii, Y., Miyajima, K. and Matsushita, M. (2009) Effect of food restriction on adipose tissue in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats. Experimental Diabetes Research, 2009, 39-47. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/edr/2009/715057 doi:10.1155/2009/715057

[12] Ishii, Y., Ohta, T., Sasase, T., Morinaga, H., Ueda, N., Hata, T., Kakutani, M., Miyajima, K., Katsuda, Y., Masuyama, T., Shinohara, M. and Matsushita, M. (2010) Pathophysiological analysis of female Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats. Experimental Animals, 59, 73-84. doi:10.1538/expanim.59.73

[13] Fukuda, S., Miyajima, K., Sasase, T. and Ohta, T. (2011) Spontaneously Diabetic Torii leprfa (SDT fatty) rat: A novel model of obese type 2 diabetes. The Open Diabetes Journal, 4, 30-36. http://www.benthamscience.com/open/todiaj/articles/V004/SI0001TODIAJ/30TODIAJ.htm

[14] Ohta, T., Miyajima, K. and Yamada, T. (2011) Pathophysiological changes in pre-diabetic stage of Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10, 813-817. doi:10.3923/javaa.2011.813.817

[15] Ishii, Y., Ohta, T., Sasase, T., Morinaga, H., Hata, T., Miyajima, K., Katusda, Y., Masuyama, T., Shinohara, M., Kakutani, M. and Matsushita, M. (2010) A high-fat diet inhibits the progression of diabetes mellitus in type 2 diabetic rats. Nutrition Research, 30, 483-491. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2010.06.013

[16] Ghibaudi, L., Cook, J., Farley, C., van Heek, M. and Hwa, J.J. (2002) Fat intake affects adiposity, comorbidity factors, and energy metabolism of Sprague-Dawley rats. Obesity Research, 10, 956-963. doi:10.1038/oby.2002.130

[17] Ikemoto, S., Takahashi, M., Tsunoda, N., Maruyama, K., Itakura, H. and Ezaki, O. (1996) High-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and obesity in mice: Differential effects of dietary oils. Metabolism, 45, 1539-1546. doi:10.1016/S0026-0495(96)90185-7

[18] Wang, H., Storlien, L.H. and Huang, X.F. (2002) Effects of dietary fat types on body fatness, leptin, and ARC leptin receptor, NPY, and AgRP mRNA expression. The American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism, 282, E1352-E1359.

[19] Creutzfeldt, W. (1979) The incretin concept today. Diabetologia, 16, 75-85. doi:10.1007/BF01225454

[20] Drucker, D.J. (2003) Enhancing incretin action for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26, 2929-2940. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.10.2929

[21] Stoffers, D.A., Kieffer, T.J., Hussain, M.A., Drucker, D.J., Bonner-Weir, S., Habener, J.F. and Egan, J.M. (2000) Insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists stimulate expression of homeodomain protein IDX-1 and increase islet size in mouse pancreas. Diabetes, 49, 741-748. doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.5.741

[22] Rolin, B., Larsen, M.O., Gotfredsen, C.F., Deacon, C.F., Carr, R.D., Wilken, M. and Knudsen, L.B. (2002) The longacting GLP-1 derivative NN2211 ameliorates glycemia and increases beta-cell mass in diabetic mice. The American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology Metabolism, 283, E745-E752.

[23] Kim, J.G., Baggio, L.L., Bridon, D.P., Castaigne, J.P., Robitaille, M.F., Jette, L., Benquet, C. and Drucker, D.J. (2003) Development and characterization of a glucagonlike peptide 1-albumin conjugate: The ability to activate the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor in vivo. Diabetes, 52, 751-759. doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.3.751

[24] Xu, G., Stoffers, D.A., Habener, J.F. and Bonner-Weir, S. (1999) Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Diabetes, 48, 2270-2276. doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.12.2270

[25] Wang, Q. and Brubaker, P.L. (2002) Glucagon-like peptide-1 treatment delays the onset of diabetes in 8 weekold db/db mice. Diabetologia, 45, 1263-1273. doi:10.1007/s00125-002-0828-3

[26] Bluher, S. and Mantzoros, C.S. (2009) Leptin in humans: Lessons from translational research. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89, 991S-997S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26788E

[27] Lee, Y.H., Magkos, F., Mantzoros, C.S. and Kang, E.S. (2011) Effects of leptin and adiponectin on pancreatic beta-cell function. Metabolism, 60, 1664-1672. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.04.008

[28] Trepel, F. (2004) Dietary fibre: More than a matter of dietetics. II. Preventative and therapeutic uses. Wiener Klinishens Wochenschrift, 116, 511-522. doi:10.1007/BF03217703

[29] Kaline, K., Bornstein, S.R., Bergmann, A., Hauner, H. and Schwarz, P.E. (2007) The importance and effect of dietary fiber in diabetes prevention with particular consideration of whole grain products. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 39, 687-693. doi:10.1055/s-2007-985811

[30] Montonen, J., Knekt, P., Jarvinen, R., Aromaa, A. and Reunanen, A. (2003) Whole-grain and fiber intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77, 622-629.

[31] Lee, J.Y., Cho, H.K. and Kwon, Y.H. (2010) Palmitate induces insulin resistance without significant intracellular triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells. Metabolism, 59, 927-934. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.10.012