Stability analysis of primary emulsion using a new emulsifying agent gum odina
ABSTRACT
Gum odina and various parts of the plant Odina wodier are traditionally used in Indian folk me- dicine. Here an effort was made to investigate the efficacy of gum odina as new pharmaceutical excipients, in particular, as an emulsifying agent. Primary emulsion was prepared using wet gum method taking oil: water: gum (4:2:1) with gum acacia powder as an emulsifying agent. This was used as a standard control formulation. In case of experimental emulsions the primary emulsion was prepared by same wet gum technique taking oil: water: gum (4:2:0.5) (gum content was just a half of gum acacia) by using gum odina powder as an emulsifier. The gum odina as emulsifying agent provided a stable emulsion at a very low concentration as compared to the amount required for other con- ventional natural emulsifying agents. Stability studies of the emulsion were made as per the ICH guideline to study thermal stability, photo- sensitivity, pH related stability and stability in presence of oxygen. The emulsion type was identified by staining techniques (dye test by using Sudan III) as o/w type preparation without creaming or cracking even after long storage for 24 months at 25°C. It was found that the emulsion containing gum odina produced more stable emulsion at a much lower amount as compared to the emulsion stabilized by gum acacia.
Gum odina and various parts of the plant Odina wodier are traditionally used in Indian folk me- dicine. Here an effort was made to investigate the efficacy of gum odina as new pharmaceutical excipients, in particular, as an emulsifying agent. Primary emulsion was prepared using wet gum method taking oil: water: gum (4:2:1) with gum acacia powder as an emulsifying agent. This was used as a standard control formulation. In case of experimental emulsions the primary emulsion was prepared by same wet gum technique taking oil: water: gum (4:2:0.5) (gum content was just a half of gum acacia) by using gum odina powder as an emulsifier. The gum odina as emulsifying agent provided a stable emulsion at a very low concentration as compared to the amount required for other con- ventional natural emulsifying agents. Stability studies of the emulsion were made as per the ICH guideline to study thermal stability, photo- sensitivity, pH related stability and stability in presence of oxygen. The emulsion type was identified by staining techniques (dye test by using Sudan III) as o/w type preparation without creaming or cracking even after long storage for 24 months at 25°C. It was found that the emulsion containing gum odina produced more stable emulsion at a much lower amount as compared to the emulsion stabilized by gum acacia.
Cite this paper
nullSamanta, A. , Ojha, D. and Mukherjee, B. (2010) Stability analysis of primary emulsion using a new emulsifying agent gum odina. Natural Science, 2, 494-505. doi: 10.4236/ns.2010.25062.
nullSamanta, A. , Ojha, D. and Mukherjee, B. (2010) Stability analysis of primary emulsion using a new emulsifying agent gum odina. Natural Science, 2, 494-505. doi: 10.4236/ns.2010.25062.
References
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[1] Verbeken, D., Dierckx, S. and Dewettinck, K. (2003) Exudates gums: Occurrence, productions and applications. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 63(1), 10-21. [2] De Paula, R.C.M., Santana, S.A. and Rodrigues, J.F. (2001) Composition and rheological properties of Albizia lebbeck gum exudates. Carbohydrate Polymers, 44(2), 133-139. [3] LeCerf, D., Irinei, F. and Muller, G. (1990) Solution properties of gum exudates from Sterculia urens (Karaya gum). Carbohydrate Polymers, 13(4), 375-386. [4] Whistler, R.L. (1993) Exudate gums. In Whistler, R.L. and Berniller, J.N., Eds. Industrial Gums: Polysaccha-rides and their Derivatives. Academic Press, San Diego, 318-337. [5] Philips, G.O. and Williams, P.A. (2001) Tree exudates gums: Natural and versatile food additives and ingredients. Food Ingredients Analysis of International, 23, 26-28. [6] Cherukuri, S.R., Friello, D.R., Parker, E., Hopkins, W. and Mackay, D.A.M. (1983) Stable liquid red beet color and chewing gum containing same. U.S. patent 4, 371, 549. [7] Huzinec, R.J. and Graff, A.H. (1987) Coatings for chew-ing gums containing gum arabic and a soluble calcium salt. U.S. patent 4, 681, 766. [8] Eng, J.L. and Mackenzie, K.M. (1984) Glyceride fat based clouds for ready to drink beverages. US patent 4, 479, 971. [9] Ferdinand, G. and Kruger, W. (1986) Vitamin E efferves-cent tablets. German patent 3, 517, 916. [10] Millard, R. and Balmert, C.A. (1961) Effervescent com-positions. U.S. patent 2, 985, 562. [11] Tame-said, J.I. (1997) Toothpaste and mouthwash in tab-lets. W.O. Patent 9, 719, 668. [12] Weiping, W.T. and Karaya (2000) In Philips, G.O., Wil-liams, P.A., Eds., Handbook of Hydrocolloids, Woodhead, Cambridge, 155-168. [13] Dziezak, J.D. (1991) A focus on gums. Food Technology, 45(3), 116-132. [14] Leupold, C.W., Kellner, W. and Hellmuth, J. (1962) Ma-terial with deodorizing action. G.B. patent 901, 554. [15] Smith, G.R. and Wands, R.C. (1966) Compositions pro-viding a protective coating for the skin. G.B. patent 1, 049, 063. [16] Grossmith. F. (1956) Process for the production of jellies or viscous solutions. G.B. patent 750, 126. [17] Nebergall, W.H. (1956) Dentrifice preparations. G.B. patent 746, 550. [18] Partyka, A. (1963) Salad dressing. G.B. patent 936, 531. [19] Steinhardt, A. and Goldwater, F.A. (1962) Gelatin adhe-sive pharmaceutical preparations. U.S. patent 3, 029, 187. [20] Carpenters. (1979) Seals for colostomy or like bags. G.B. patent 2, 017, 501. [21] Marsan, A.E. (1967) Sealing pad for a post-surgical drainage pouch. U.S. patent 3, 302, 647. [22] Sanderson, G.R. (1996) Gums and their use in food sys-tems. Food Technology, 50(3), 81-84. [23] Mukherjee, B., Samanta, A. and Dinda, S.C. (2006) Gum odina-a new tablet binder. Trends in Applied Sciences Research. 1(4), 309-316. [24] Chidanbarathanu, S. (1995) Index of herbs in languages. Siddha Medical Literature Research centre, Madras. [25] Kiritikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. (1935) Indian Medicinal Plants, 2nd Edition, International Book Distributors, Book Sellers and Publishers, Dehradun. [26] Kiritikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. (1987) Indian Medicinal Plants, International Book Distributors, Book Sellers and Publishers, Dehradun. [27] Carter S.J. (1987) Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Stu-dents, 12th Edition, CBS publishers and Distributors, Delhi. [28] Grimm, W. (1998) Extension of the international confe-rence on harmonization tripartite guideline for stability testing of new drug substances and products to countries of climatic zones III and IV. Drug Development and In-dustrial Pharmacy, 24(4), 313-325. [29] Yoshiok, S., Ishihara, Y., Terazone, T. and Tsunakawa, N. (1994) Quinine actinometry as a method for calibrating ultraviolet radiation intensity in light-stability testing of pharmaceuticals. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 20(13), 2049-2062. [30] Williams, G.P. (2002) Synchrotron and free electron laser sources of infrared radiation. Chalmers, J.M. and Griffiths, P.R., Eds., Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, Wiley, Chichester, 341-342. [31] Osol, A. (1980) Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton.