Optical Sum Frequency Generation Image of Rice Grains
Affiliation(s)
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
ABSTRACT
We observed optical sum frequency generation (SFG) images of cross-sections of glutinous rice grains, in order to test a possibility of the SFG microscopy as a tool for monitoring polysaccharide species in rice grains. The SFG response in the CH vibration range was the most intense in the crush cell layer at the edge of the endosperm adjacent to the embryo probably due to optical reflection and scattering effectby the rugged dielectric structure of the crush cell layer. The SFG spectra as a function of the infrared wavelength depended on the measurement position in the endosperm. The SFG results were compared with those by Raman and infrared spectroscopies for the same samples.
We observed optical sum frequency generation (SFG) images of cross-sections of glutinous rice grains, in order to test a possibility of the SFG microscopy as a tool for monitoring polysaccharide species in rice grains. The SFG response in the CH vibration range was the most intense in the crush cell layer at the edge of the endosperm adjacent to the embryo probably due to optical reflection and scattering effectby the rugged dielectric structure of the crush cell layer. The SFG spectra as a function of the infrared wavelength depended on the measurement position in the endosperm. The SFG results were compared with those by Raman and infrared spectroscopies for the same samples.
Cite this paper
H. Li, Y. Miyauchi, N. Anh Tuan, G. Mizutani and M. Koyano, "Optical Sum Frequency Generation Image of Rice Grains," Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2012, pp. 286-291. doi: 10.4236/jbnb.2012.322035.
H. Li, Y. Miyauchi, N. Anh Tuan, G. Mizutani and M. Koyano, "Optical Sum Frequency Generation Image of Rice Grains," Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2012, pp. 286-291. doi: 10.4236/jbnb.2012.322035.
References
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[1] P. J. Treado and M. D. Morris, “Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Imaging,” Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1994, pp. 1-38. doi:10.1080/05704929408000896 [2] V. F. Kalasinsky, “Biomedical Applications of Infrared and Raman Microscopy,” Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, Vol. 31, No. 3, 1996, pp. 193-249. doi:10.1080/05704929608000570 [3] J. X. Cheng, Y. K. Jia, G. Zheng and X. S. Xie, “Laser- Scanning Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy and Applications of Cell Biology,” Biophysical Journal, Vol. 83, No. 1, 2002, pp. 502-509. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75186-2 [4] S. W. Ellepola, S. M. Choi, D. L. Phillips and C. Y. Ma, “Raman Spectroscopic Study of Rice Globulin,” Journal of Cereal Science, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2006, pp. 85-93. doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2005.06.006 [5] Y. R. Shen, “The Principles of Nonlinear Optics,” John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1984. [6] Z. Y. Zhuo, C. S. Liao, C. H. Huang, J. Y. Yu, Y. Y. Tzeng, W. Lo, C. Y. Dong, H. C. Chui, Y. C. Huang, H. M. Lai and S. W. Chu, “Second Harmonic Generation Imaging—A New Method for Unraveling Molecular Information of Starch,” Journal of Structural Biology, Vol. 171, No. 1, 2010, pp. 88-94. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.02.020 [7] M. Fl?rsheimer, C. Brillert and H. Fuchs, “Chemical Imaging of Interfaces by Sum-Frequency Generation,” Materials Science and Engineering C, Vol. 8-9, 1999, pp. 335-341. doi:10.1016/S0928-4931(99)00047-8 [8] Y. Miyauchi, H. Sano and G. Mizutani, “Selective Observation of Starch in a Water Plant Using Optical Sum- Frequency Microscopy,” Journal of Optical Society of America A, Vol. 23, No. 7, 2006, pp. 1687-1690. doi:10.1364/JOSAA.23.001687 [9] K. Inoue, M. Fujii and M. Sakai, “Development of a Non- Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Detected Infrared Super-Resolution Microscope and Its Application to Bio-logical Cells,” Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 64, No. 3, 2010, pp. 275-281. doi:10.1366/000370210790918481 [10] G. Mizutani, Y. Sonoda, H. Sano, M. Sakamoto, T. Takahashi and S. Ushioda, “Detection of Starch Granules in a Living Plant by Optical Second Harmonic Microscopy,” Journal of Luminescence, Vol. 87-89, 2000, pp. 824-826. doi:10.1016/S0022-2313(99)00428-7 [11] K. Hoshikawa, “Germination,” In: T. Matsuo, et al., Eds., Science of the Rice Plant, Vol. 1, Morphology, Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center, Tokyo, 1993, pp. 76- 79. [12] N. Fujita, M. Yoshida, N. Asakura, T. Ohdan, A. Miyao, H. Hirochika and Y. Nakamura, “Function and Characterization of Starch Synthase I Using Mutants in Rice,” Plant Physiology, Vol. 140, No. 3, 2006, pp. 1070-1084. doi:10.1104/pp.105.071845 [13] Y. Nakamura, “Toward a Better Understanding of the Metabolic System for Amylopectin Biosynthesis in Plants: Rice Endosperm as a Model Tissue,” Plant Cell Physiology, Vol. 43, No. 7, 2002, pp. 718-725. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcf091 [14] K. Locharoenrat, H. Sano and G. Mizutani, “Demonstration of Confocal Sum Frequency Microscopy,” Physica Status Solidi (c), Vol. 6, 2009, pp. 304-306. [15] S. Takahashi, “Physiology of Seed Germination,” In: T. Matsuo, et al., Eds., Science of the Rice Plant, Vol. 2, Physiology, Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center, Tokyo, 1993, pp. 35-40. [16] H. Sano, T. Shimizu, G. Mizutani and S. Ushioda, “Images of Cleaved GaAs(110) Surfaces Observed with a Reflection Optical Second Harmonic Microscope,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 87, No. 4, 2000, pp. 1614-1619. doi:10.1063/1.372068 [17] R. Kizil, J. Irudayaraj and K. Seetharaman, “Characterization of Irradiated Starches by Using FT-Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy,” Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, Vol. 50, No. 14, 2002, pp. 3912-3918. doi:10.1021/jf011652p