Modification of water application uniformity among closed circuit trickle irrigation systems
Author(s)
Hani A.-G. Mansour,
Mohamed Yousif Tayel,
Mohamed A. Abd El-Hady,
David A. Lightfoot,
Abdel-Ghany Mohamed El-Gindy
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was determine the ma- ximum application uniformity of closed circuit trickle irrigation systems designs. Laboratory tests carried out for Two types of closed circuits: a) One manifold for lateral lines or Closed circuits with One Manifold of Trikle Irrigation System (COMTIS); b) Closed circuits with Two Manifolds of Trikle Irrigation System (CTMTIS), and c) Traditional Trikle Irrigation System (TTIS) as a control. Three lengths of lateral lines were used, 40, 60, and 80 meters. PE tubes lateral lines: 16 mm diameter; 30 cm emitters distance, and GR built-in emitters 4 lph when operating pressure 1 bar. Experiments were conducted at the Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, MALR, Egypt. With COMTIS the emitter flow rate was 4.07, 3.51, and 3.59 lph compared to 4.18, 3.72, and 3.71 lph with CTMTIS and 3.21, 2.6, and 2.16 lph with TTIS (lateral lengths 40, 60, and 80 meters respectively). Uniformity varied widely within individual lateral lengths and between circuit types. Under CTMTIS uniformity values were 97.74, 95.14, and 92.03 %; with COMTIS they were 95.73, 89.45, and 83.25 %; and with TTIS they were 88.27, 84.73, and 80.53 % (for lateral lengths 40, 60, 80 meters respectively). The greatest uniformity was observed under CTMTIS and COMTIS when using the shortest lateral length 40 meters, then lateral length 60 meters, while the lowest value was observed when using lateral length 80 meters this result depends on the physical and hydraulic characteristics of the emitter and lateral line. CTMTIS was more uniform than either COMTIS or TTIS. Friction losses were decreased with CTMTIS in the emitter laterals at lengths 40 meters compared to TTIS and COMTIS. Therefore, differences may be related to increased friction losses when using TDIS and COMDIS.
The aim of this research was determine the ma- ximum application uniformity of closed circuit trickle irrigation systems designs. Laboratory tests carried out for Two types of closed circuits: a) One manifold for lateral lines or Closed circuits with One Manifold of Trikle Irrigation System (COMTIS); b) Closed circuits with Two Manifolds of Trikle Irrigation System (CTMTIS), and c) Traditional Trikle Irrigation System (TTIS) as a control. Three lengths of lateral lines were used, 40, 60, and 80 meters. PE tubes lateral lines: 16 mm diameter; 30 cm emitters distance, and GR built-in emitters 4 lph when operating pressure 1 bar. Experiments were conducted at the Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, MALR, Egypt. With COMTIS the emitter flow rate was 4.07, 3.51, and 3.59 lph compared to 4.18, 3.72, and 3.71 lph with CTMTIS and 3.21, 2.6, and 2.16 lph with TTIS (lateral lengths 40, 60, and 80 meters respectively). Uniformity varied widely within individual lateral lengths and between circuit types. Under CTMTIS uniformity values were 97.74, 95.14, and 92.03 %; with COMTIS they were 95.73, 89.45, and 83.25 %; and with TTIS they were 88.27, 84.73, and 80.53 % (for lateral lengths 40, 60, 80 meters respectively). The greatest uniformity was observed under CTMTIS and COMTIS when using the shortest lateral length 40 meters, then lateral length 60 meters, while the lowest value was observed when using lateral length 80 meters this result depends on the physical and hydraulic characteristics of the emitter and lateral line. CTMTIS was more uniform than either COMTIS or TTIS. Friction losses were decreased with CTMTIS in the emitter laterals at lengths 40 meters compared to TTIS and COMTIS. Therefore, differences may be related to increased friction losses when using TDIS and COMDIS.
Cite this paper
nullMansour, H. , Tayel, M. , Abd El-Hady, M. , Lightfoot, D. and El-Gindy, A. (2010) Modification of water application uniformity among closed circuit trickle irrigation systems. Agricultural Sciences, 1, 1-9. doi: 10.4236/as.2010.11001.
nullMansour, H. , Tayel, M. , Abd El-Hady, M. , Lightfoot, D. and El-Gindy, A. (2010) Modification of water application uniformity among closed circuit trickle irrigation systems. Agricultural Sciences, 1, 1-9. doi: 10.4236/as.2010.11001.
References
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[1] Kirnak, H., Doğan, E., Demir, S. and Yalçin, S. (2004) Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in irrigation system in the Harran Plain. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28, 223- 230. [2] Capra, A. and Scicolone, B. (1998) Water quality and distribution uniformity in drip/trickle irrigation systems. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 70(4), 355-365. [3] Mizyed, N. and Kruse, E.G. (1989) Emitter discharge evaluation of subsurface trickle irrigation systems. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 32(4), 1223-1228. [4] American Society of Agricultural Engineers (2003) EP405.1 FEB03. Design and installation of microirrigation systems. ASAE Standards, ASAE, St. Joseph, 901-905. [5] Wu, I.P. and Gitlin, H.M. (1973) Hydraulics and uniformity for drip irrigation. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 99(2), 157-168. [6] Camp, C.R., Sadler, E.J. and Busscher, W.J. (1997) A comparison of uniformity measure for drip irrigation systems. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 40(4), 1013-1020. [7] American Society of Agricultural Engineers (1999) Design and installation of microirrigation systems. ASAE Stan- dards, ASAE, St. Joseph, 875-879. [8] Ortega, J.F., Tarjuelo, J.M. and de Juan, J.A. (2002) Evaluation of irrigation performance in localized irrigation system of semiaridregions (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 4, 1-17. [9] Alizadeh, A. (2001) Principles and practices of trickle irrigation. Ferdowsi University, Mashad. [10] Berkowitz, S.J. (2001) Hydraulic performance of subsurface wastewater drip systems. In: Mancl, K., Ed., On-Site Wastewater Treatment: Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, 11-14 March 2001, Fort Worth, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, 583-592. [11] Warrick, A.W. and Yitayew, M. (1988) Trickle lateral hydraulics. I: Analytical solution. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, 114(2), 281-288. [12] Hathoot, H.M., Al-Amoud, A.I. and Mohammed, F.S. (1991) Analysis of a pipe with uniform lateral flow. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 30(1), C49-C54. [13] Hathoot, H.M., Al-Amoud, A.I. and Mohammed, F.S. (1993) Analysis and design of trickle irrigation laterals. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 119(5), 756-767. [14] Perold, R.P. (1977) Design of irrigation pipe laterals. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, 103(2), 179-195. [15] Netafim Irrigation, Inc. (2002) Bioline design guild. http://www.netafim.com. Fresno, C.A. and Perkins, J.P. (1989) On-site wastewater disposal. National Environmental Health Association, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea. [16] American Society of Agricultural Engineers (1983) Designs and operation of farm irrigation systems. ASAE, St. Joseph, 3, 189-232. [17] Burt, C.M., Clemens, A.J., Strelkoff, T.S., Solomon, K.H., Blesner, R.D., Hardy, L.A. and Howell, T.A. (1997) Irrigation performance measures: Efficiency and uniformity. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, 123(6), 423-442. [18] Williams, G.S. and Hazen, A. (1960) Hydraulic tables. 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York. [19] Mogazhi, H.E.M. (1998) Estimating of Hazen-Williams coefficient for polyethylene pipes. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 124(2), 197-199. [20] Bombardelli, F.A. and Garcia, M.H. (2003) Hydraulic design of largediameter pipes. Journal or Hydraulic Engineering, 129(11), 839-846. [21] Hathoot, H.M., Al-Amoud, A.I. and Mohammed, F.S. (1994) The accuracy and validity of Hazen-Williams and Scobey pipe friction formulas. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 33(3), C97-C106. [22] Watters, G.Z. and Keller, J. (1978) Trickle irrigation tubing hydraulics. ASAE Technical, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, 17. [23] Dospekhov, B.A. (1984) Field experimentation statistical procedures. Mir Publishers, Moscow, 351. [24] Gillbert, R.G., Nakayama, F.S. and Bucks, D.A. (1979) Trickle irrigation: Prevention of clogging. Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 22(3), 514-519. [25] Khatri, K.C., Wu, I.P., Gitlin, H.M. and Phillips, A.L. (1979) Hydraulics of micro tube emitters. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, 105(2), 163-173. [26] American Society of Agricultural Engineers (1996) EP458. Field evaluation of microirrigation systems. ASAE Standards, 43rd Edition, ASAE, St. Joseph, 756-761.