A Semi Automated Method for Laminated Sediments Analysis
ABSTRACT
We developed a software performing laminae counting, thickness measurements, spectral and wavelet analysis of laminated sediments embedded signal. We validated the software on varved sediments. Varved laminae are automatically counted using an image analysis classification method based on K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm. In a next step, the signal corresponding to varved black laminae thickness variation is retrieved. The obtained signal is a good proxy to study the paleoclimatic constraints controlling sedimentation. Finally, the use of spectral and wavelet analysis methods on the variation of black laminae thickness revealed the existence of frequencies and periods which can be linked to known paleoclimatic events.
We developed a software performing laminae counting, thickness measurements, spectral and wavelet analysis of laminated sediments embedded signal. We validated the software on varved sediments. Varved laminae are automatically counted using an image analysis classification method based on K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm. In a next step, the signal corresponding to varved black laminae thickness variation is retrieved. The obtained signal is a good proxy to study the paleoclimatic constraints controlling sedimentation. Finally, the use of spectral and wavelet analysis methods on the variation of black laminae thickness revealed the existence of frequencies and periods which can be linked to known paleoclimatic events.
Cite this paper
M. Ndiaye, E. Davaud, D. Ariztegui and M. Fall, "A Semi Automated Method for Laminated Sediments Analysis," International Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 3 No. 1, 2012, pp. 206-210. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2012.31023.
M. Ndiaye, E. Davaud, D. Ariztegui and M. Fall, "A Semi Automated Method for Laminated Sediments Analysis," International Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 3 No. 1, 2012, pp. 206-210. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2012.31023.
References
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[1] M. Ripepe, L. T. Roberts and A. G. Fischer, “Enso and Sunspot Cycles in Varved Eocene Oil Shales from Image Analysis,” Journal of Sedimentary Research, Vol. 61, 1991, pp. 1155-1163. [2] J. Hovikoski, M. Rasanen, M. Gingras, M. Roddaz, S. Brusset, W. Hermoza, L. R. Pittman and K. Lertola, “Miocene Semidiurnal Tidal Rhythmites in Madre de Dios, Peru,” Geology, Vol. 33, No. 3, 2005, pp. 177-180. doi:10.1130/G21102.1 [3] R. Y. Anderson, “Lacustrine Varve Formation through Time,” Paleogeography, Paleocli-matology, Paleoecology, Vol. 62, No. 1-4, 1988, pp. 215-235. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(88)90055-7 [4] G. P. Weedon, “Time-Series Analysis and Cyclostratigraphy. Examinating Stratigraphic Records of Environmental Cyles,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003. [5] A. J. Nederbragt, J. W. Thurow and R. B. Merrill, “Color Records from the Cali-fornia Margin: Proxy Indicators for Sediment Composition and Climatic Change,” Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 167, 2000, pp. 319-329. [6] U. von Rad, M. Schaaf, K. H. Michels, H. Schulz, W. H. Berger and F. Sirocko, “A 5000-yr Record of Climate Change in Varved Sediments from the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Pakistan, Northeastern Arabian Sea,” Quaternary Research, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1999, pp. 39-53. doi:10.1006/qres.1998.2016 [7] P. Francus and E. Karabanov, “A Computer-Assisted Thin-Section Study of Lake Baikal Sediments: A Tool for Understanding Sedimentary Processes and Deciphering Their Climatic Signal,” International Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 89, No. 2, 2000, pp. 260-267. doi:10.1007/s005319900064 [8] M. C. Cooper, “The Use of Digital Image Analysis in the Study of Laminated Sediments,” Journal of Paleolimnology, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1997, pp. 33-40. doi:10.1023/A:1007912417389 [9] M. Ripepe, L. T. Roberts and A. G. Fischer, “Enso and Sunspot Cycles in Varved Eocene Oil Shales from Image Analysis,” Journal of Sedimentary Re-search, Vol. 61, 1991, pp. 1155-1163. [10] P. Francus, F. Keimig and M. Besonen, “An Algorithm to Aid Varve Count-ing and Measurement from Thin-Sec- tions,” Journal of Paleo-limnology, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2002, pp. 283-286. doi:10.1023/A:1021624415920 [11] O. Weidlich and M. Ber-necker, “Quantification of Depositional Changes and Pa-leo-Seismic Activities Next Term from Laminated Sediments Using Outcrop Data,” Sedimentary Geology, Vol. 166, 2004, pp. 11-20. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.12.004 [12] M. C. Meyer, R. Faber and C. Spotl, “The WinGeol Lamination Tool: New Software for Rapid, Semi-Auto- mated Analysis of Laminated Climate Archives,” The Holocene, Vol. 16, No. 5, 2006, pp. 753-761. doi:10.1191/0959683606hl969rr [13] A. Gilli, D. Ariztegui, F. S. Anselmetti, J. A. McKenzie, V. Markgraf, I. Hajdas and R. D. McCulloch, “Mid-Holo- cene Strengthening of the Southern Westerlies in South America—Sedimentological Evidences from Lago Cardiel, Argentina (49?S),” Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 49, No. 1-2, 2005, pp. 75-93. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.05.004 [14] N. Waldmann, D. Ariztegui, M. Ndiaye, A. Gilli and F. S. Anselmetti, “Evidence of Late Holocene Wind Intensity Variability in Southernmost Patagonia-Lago Cardiel, Argentina,” Abstracts of the Thir-teenth Meeting of Swiss Sedimentologists, Fribourg, 2005. [15] A. Gilli, F. S. Anselmetti, D. Ariztegui, J. P. Bradbury, R. Kelts Kerry, V. Markgraf and J. A. McKenzie, “Tracking Abrupt Climate Change in the Southern Hemisphere: A Seismic Stratigraphic Study of Lago Cardiel, Argentina (49?S),” Terra Nova, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2001, pp. 443-448. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00377.x [16] B. V. Dasarathy, “Nearest Neighbor Pattern Classification Techniques,” IEEE Press, California, 1991. [17] E. P. Verrecchia, “Multiresolution Analysis of Shell Growth Increments to Detect Variations in Natural Cycles,” Image Analysis, Sediments and Paleoenvi-ronments, Vol. 7, 2005, pp. 273-293. doi:10.1007/1-4020-2122-4_14 [18] C. Torrence and G. P. Compo, “A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis,” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 79, No. 1, 1998, pp. 61-78. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2 [19] B. Wang, “Interdecadal Changes in El Nin?o Onset in the Last Four Decades,” Journal of Climate, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1995, pp. 267-285. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0267:ICIENO>2.0.CO;2 [20] Y. Wang, “Temporal Structure of the Southern Oscillation as Revealed by Waveform and Wavelet Analysis,” Journal of Climate, Vol. 9, No. 7, 1996, pp. 1586-1598. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1586:TSOTSO>2.0.CO;2