Studies on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Gelatin Based Films Using 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate by Gamma Radiation
ABSTRACT
Gelatin films were prepared by casting. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of the gelatin films were found to be 46 MPa and 3.5%, respectively. Effect of gamma radiation (Co-60) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the gelatin films was studied. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was added to the gelatin during casting varying (10% - 30% by weight) and found to increase the TS significantly. Then the films were irradiated and found further increase of TS. Thermo-mechanical properties of HEMA blended gelatin films were compared with those of the pure gelatin films. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the gelatin/HEMA films were also measured using thermo mechanical analyzer and found opposite trend with comparison of glass point.
Gelatin films were prepared by casting. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of the gelatin films were found to be 46 MPa and 3.5%, respectively. Effect of gamma radiation (Co-60) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the gelatin films was studied. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was added to the gelatin during casting varying (10% - 30% by weight) and found to increase the TS significantly. Then the films were irradiated and found further increase of TS. Thermo-mechanical properties of HEMA blended gelatin films were compared with those of the pure gelatin films. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the gelatin/HEMA films were also measured using thermo mechanical analyzer and found opposite trend with comparison of glass point.
Cite this paper
H. Zaman, M. Khan and R. Khan, "Studies on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Gelatin Based Films Using 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate by Gamma Radiation," Open Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 2 No. 1, 2012, pp. 15-21. doi: 10.4236/ojcm.2012.21003.
H. Zaman, M. Khan and R. Khan, "Studies on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Gelatin Based Films Using 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate by Gamma Radiation," Open Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 2 No. 1, 2012, pp. 15-21. doi: 10.4236/ojcm.2012.21003.
References
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[1] [1] L. T. Lim, Y. Mine and A. Tung, “Barrier and Tensile Pro- perties of Transglutaminase Cross-linked Gelatin Films as Affected by Relative Humidity, Temperature, and Glycerol Content,” Journal of Food Science, Vol. 64, No. 4, 1999, pp. 616-622. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15096.x [2] P. J. A. Sobral, F. C. Menegalli, M. D. Hubinger and M. A. Roques, “Mechanical, Water Vapor Barrier and Thermal Properties of Gelatin Based Edible Films,” Food Hydrocolloids, Vol. 15, No. 4-6, 2001, pp. 423-432. doi:10.1016/S0268-005X(01)00061-3 [3] R. A. Carvalho and C. R. F. Grosso, “Characterization of Gelatin Based Films Modified with Transglutaminase, Glyoxal and Formaldehyde,” Food Hydrocolloids, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2004, pp. 717-726. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2003.10.005 [4] P. Bergo, R. A. Carvalho, A. C. S. Vadala, V. C. I. Guevara and P. J. A. Sobral, “Physical Properties of Gelatin Films Plasticized with Glycerol, Studied by Spectroscopic Methods,” Materials Science Forum, Vol. 636-637, 2010, pp. 753-758. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.636-637.753 [5] F. M. Vanin, P. J. A. Sobral, F. C. Menegalli, R. A. Carvalho and A. M. Q. B. Habitante, “Effects of Plasticizers and Their Concentrations on Thermal and Functional Pro- perties of Gelatin-Based Films,” Food Hydrocolloids, Vol. 19, No. 5, 2005, pp. 899-907. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2004.12.003 [6] P. V. A. Bergo, R. A. Carvalho, P. J. A. Sobral, F. R. S. Bevilacqua, J. K. C. Pinto and J. P. Souza, “Microwave Transmittance in Gelatin-Based Films,” Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 17, No. 12, 2006, pp. 3261- 3264. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/17/12/010 [7] I. Arvanitoyannis, A. Nakayama, S.-I. Aiba and N. Yamamoto, “Edible Films Made from hydroxypropyl Starch and Gelatin and Plasticized by Polyols and Water,” Carbohydrate Polymers, No. 36, No. 2-3, 1998, pp. 105-119. [8] Gelatin, Standard Methods for Sampling and Testing Ge- latins, Gelatin Manufacturers’ Institute of America, Inc., New York, 1986, [9] A. Eis, “The Macromolecular Chemistry of Gelatin,” Academic Press, New York, 1964. [10] P. V. Kozlov and G. I. Burdygina, “The Structure and Properties of Solid Gelatin and the Principles of Their Modification,” Polymer, Vol. 24, No. 6, 1983, pp. 651- 666. doi:10.1016/0032-3861(83)90001-0 [11] S. S. Wong and L. J. C. Wong, “Chemical Crosslinking and the Stabilization of Proteins and Enzymes,” Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 14, No. 11, 1992, pp. 866- 874. doi:10.1016/0141-0229(92)90049-T [12] G. E. Means and R. E. Feeney, “Chemical Modification of Proteins,” Holden-Day Inc., Vol. 3, San Francisco, 1971, pp. 35-51. [13] C. A. Finch, “Chemistry and Technology of Water Soluble Polymers,” in: C. A. Finch, Ed., Plenum Press, Vol. 5, New York, 1983, pp. 81-112. [14] C. I. Burdygina, L. Ya. Chenborisova, A. I. Maklakov and P.V. Kozlov, “International Symposium on Macromo- lecular Chemistry,” Taskent Abstracts, Vol. 5, 1978, p. 170. [15] S. Sarkar, A. Chourasia, S. Maji, S. Sadhukhan, S. Kumar and B. Adhikari, “Synthesis and Characterization of Gelatin Based Polyester Urethane Scaffold,” Ind. Acad. Sci., Vol. 29, 2006, pp. 475-484. [16] H. Babin and E. Dickinson, “In?uence of Transglutaminase Treatment on the Thermoreversible Gelation of Gelatin,” Food Hydrocolloids, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2001, pp. 271-276. doi:10.1016/S0268-005X(01)00025-X [17] S. Sterman and J. G. Marsden, “The Effect of Silane Coupling Agents in Improving the Properties of ?lled or Reinforced Thermoplastics,” Polymer Engineering & Science, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2004, pp. 97-112. doi:10.1002/pen.760060203 [18] C. Jo, H. Kang, N.Y. Lee, J. H. Kwon and M. W. Byun, “Pectin- and Gelatin-Based Film: Effect of Gamma Irradia- tion on the Mechanical Properties and Biodegradation,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 72, No. 6, 2005, pp. 745-750. doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.05.045 [19] A. Banihashemi, H. Hazarkhani and A. Abdolmaleki, “Efficient and Rapid Synthesis of Polyureas and Polythioureas from the Reaction of Urea and Thiourea with Diamines under Microwave Irradiation,” Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 42, No. 9, 2004, pp. 2106-2111. doi:10.1002/pola.20060 [20] P. Haque, A. I. Mustafa and M. A. Khan, “Effect of Cross- Linking Monomers on the Physico-Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Photografted Chitosan Film,” Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 68, No. 1, 2007, pp. 109-115. [21] C. Dai, Y. Chen and M. Liu, “Thermal properties Meas- Urements of Renatured Gelatin Using Conventional and Temperature Modulated Differential Scanning Calori- metry,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 99, No. 4, 2006, pp. 1795-1801. doi:10.1002/app.22711 [22] F. Gul-E-Noor, M. A. Khan, S. Ghoshal, R. A. Mazid, A. M. Sarwar Uddin Chowdhury and R. A. Khan, “Grafting of 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate with Urea on to Gelatin Film by Gamma Radiation,” Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, Vol. 46, No. 6, 2009, pp. 615-624. doi:10.1080/10601320902851926 [23] J. Stejskal, D. Strakova and P. Kratochvil, “Grafting of Gelatin during Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Aqueous Medium,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 36, No. 1, 1988, pp. 215-227. doi:10.1002/app.1988.070360117