Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of five forage shrubs in Mu Us sandland, China
ABSTRACT
Chemical compositions during different growing periods, preference and in vitro digestibility at the post-fruiting period of five psammophyte shrubs, which include Caragana intermedia, Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum scoparium, Hedysarum laeve, Salix psammophylla were determined. The nutritive values were synthetically evaluated in terms of chemical composition, preference and in vitro digestibility through fuzzy multifactorial model. The crude protein (CP) concentrations of the five shrubs had the tendency to decrease with growing stage, the peak values of C. intermedia, C. korshinskii and S. psammophylla appeared at blooming period and those of H. scoparium and H. laeve appeared at vegetative period. The neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin concentrations of C. intermedia, C. korshinskii and S. psammophylla were all decreased before post-fruiting period and then increased significantly; while the variation tendency of those of H. scoparium and H. leave were alike, and the lowest NDF, ADF and lignin concentrations were at vegetative period or post-fruiting period. The five shrubs can be used as feedstuffs, the synthetical nutritive value at the post-fruiting period were high in order of C. intermedia, H. scoparium, H. laeve, C. korshinskii and S. psammophylla. Considering the characteristics of growth and nutritive value, the optimum time to use these shrubs as feedstuffs is the post-fruiting period in autumn. Among the five shrubs, C. intermedia is the best as feed-stuff for raising the production of livestock.
Chemical compositions during different growing periods, preference and in vitro digestibility at the post-fruiting period of five psammophyte shrubs, which include Caragana intermedia, Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum scoparium, Hedysarum laeve, Salix psammophylla were determined. The nutritive values were synthetically evaluated in terms of chemical composition, preference and in vitro digestibility through fuzzy multifactorial model. The crude protein (CP) concentrations of the five shrubs had the tendency to decrease with growing stage, the peak values of C. intermedia, C. korshinskii and S. psammophylla appeared at blooming period and those of H. scoparium and H. laeve appeared at vegetative period. The neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin concentrations of C. intermedia, C. korshinskii and S. psammophylla were all decreased before post-fruiting period and then increased significantly; while the variation tendency of those of H. scoparium and H. leave were alike, and the lowest NDF, ADF and lignin concentrations were at vegetative period or post-fruiting period. The five shrubs can be used as feedstuffs, the synthetical nutritive value at the post-fruiting period were high in order of C. intermedia, H. scoparium, H. laeve, C. korshinskii and S. psammophylla. Considering the characteristics of growth and nutritive value, the optimum time to use these shrubs as feedstuffs is the post-fruiting period in autumn. Among the five shrubs, C. intermedia is the best as feed-stuff for raising the production of livestock.
Cite this paper
Xu, D. , Xu, X. , Ma, H. and Shen, Y. (2012) Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of five forage shrubs in Mu Us sandland, China. Agricultural Sciences, 3, 75-82. doi: 10.4236/as.2012.31010.
Xu, D. , Xu, X. , Ma, H. and Shen, Y. (2012) Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of five forage shrubs in Mu Us sandland, China. Agricultural Sciences, 3, 75-82. doi: 10.4236/as.2012.31010.
References
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[1] Wang, L.H. and Yao, H.L. (1995) A summary of the Japanese joint study on Mu Us desert-practical way to control and to utilize the desert. Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry College, 17, 1-8. [2] Chen, Z. and Zhag, X. (1996) Classification and ordination of landscape in the Mu Us sandland. Acta phytoecol Sin, 20, 423-437. [3] Chi, L.J. (1994) The impact of global change on the dertification in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 9, 289-303. [4] Zhang, X.S. (1994) The ecological background of the Mu Us sandland and the principles and optimal models for grassland management. Acta phytoecol Sin, 18, 1-16. [5] Li, X.R., Xiao, H.L., Zhang, J.G. and Wang, X.P. (2004) Long-Term Ecosystem Effects of Sand-Binding Vegetation in the Tengger Desert, Northern China. Restoration Ecology, 12, 376-390. doi:10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00313.x [6] Stockton, P.H. and Gillette, D.A. (1990) Field measure- ment of the sheltering effect of vegetation on erodible land surface. Land Degradation and Rehabilitation, 2, 77-85. doi:10.1002/ldr.3400020202 [7] Li, C.L. and Chen, M.J. (1995) Research progress and trend of shrub feed plans. Heilongjiang Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 6, 18-21. [8] Wang, Y.K., Yan, Y.X. and An, S.Q. (1999) Nutrition of the forage-used psammophyte shrubs in Wulan Buh Desert. Journal of Desert Research, 19, 280-284. [9] Jiang, Q. (1992) Expoliture and Utilization of Shrubs as feedstuff in south of Ningxia. China Feed, 2, 35. [10] Nan, B.H. (1992) Excellent feeding shrub in sandy land-hedysarum leave. Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 1, 30-32. [11] Sun, D.X. and Zhou, Z.W. (1995) Economic character analysis of main forage shrubs on sandy land in Ningxia. Journal of Desert Research, 5, 92-95. [12] Kang, Y., Wang, Z.L., Du, J.C. and Wang, S.J. (2001) The growth trait and nutrition dynamic research of Calligo- num mongolicum at artificial culture. Inner Mongolia Prataculture, 1, 6-9. [13] Ma, X.Z., Zhao, H.Q., Bai, R.Z. and Hou, C.Y. (1997) A study on the nutritive developments of 5 kinds of psa- mmophyte forage shrubs. Journal of Neimenggu Forestry College, 19, 41-44. [14] Wang, B. (1991) Studies on dynamics of nutrient contents of main psammophyte shrubs in Yanchi-sandy land. Research of Grassland Agriculture System in Yanchi, Science and Technology Publishing Company in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 46-48. [15] AOAC (2000) Official methods of analysis, 17th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia. [16] Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991) Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2 [17] Tilley, J.M. and Terry, R.A. (1963) A two-stage technique for in vitro digestion of forage crop. Grass and Forage Acience, 18, 104-111. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x [18] Loehle, C. and Rittenhouse, R. (1982) An analysis of forage preference indices. Journal of Range Management, 35, 316-319. doi:10.2307/3898309 [19] Chen, Y.Y. (1984) Fuzzy mathematics. Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, Wuhan, 61- 69. [20] Gvilamo, P.J. (1987) Fuzzy control. Measo Control, 26, 10. [21] Wang, D.L. and Zhu, T.C. (1993) Discussion on quantitative method of comprehensive evaluation of forage value. Acta Prataculture Sinica, 2, 33-38. [22] Guo, Y.J., Long, R.J., Zhang, D.G. and Chen, J.G. (2001) The seasonal dynamics of nutrient contents in some dominant shrubs and for age herbs on alpine meadow in eastern Qilian mountain, China. Pratacultural Science, 18, 36-39