Application of Secondary Resistivity Parameters to Determine Potential Aquifer Horizon: Case Study of Basement Rocks of Hussara, Northeastern Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Twenty five vertical electrical sounding using the Schlumberger configuration with current electrode spacing of AB/2 = 100 m were carried out in Hussara, north-eastern, Nigeria. The field data were smoothened and interpreted using IX1D inversion [1] computer software. Secondary resistivity and secondary resistivity derived parameters were used to determine the potential aquifer horizon. Longitudinal conductance map of the third geoelectric layer indicates a higher conducting zone along the eastern part which may indicate possible concentration of weathered materials. Intermediate conductance striking from the north to the southeast may constitute a horizon with increased aquifer materials, while the lower conductivity values may indicate areas of fractured bedrock where the degree of decomposition of the rock fragments is minimal. The transverse resistance map of the same horizon revealed the contour values increasing from the west towards the east perhaps due to the increasing presence of fresh bedrock close to the surface.
Twenty five vertical electrical sounding using the Schlumberger configuration with current electrode spacing of AB/2 = 100 m were carried out in Hussara, north-eastern, Nigeria. The field data were smoothened and interpreted using IX1D inversion [1] computer software. Secondary resistivity and secondary resistivity derived parameters were used to determine the potential aquifer horizon. Longitudinal conductance map of the third geoelectric layer indicates a higher conducting zone along the eastern part which may indicate possible concentration of weathered materials. Intermediate conductance striking from the north to the southeast may constitute a horizon with increased aquifer materials, while the lower conductivity values may indicate areas of fractured bedrock where the degree of decomposition of the rock fragments is minimal. The transverse resistance map of the same horizon revealed the contour values increasing from the west towards the east perhaps due to the increasing presence of fresh bedrock close to the surface.
Cite this paper
S. Yusuf and S. Alkali, "Application of Secondary Resistivity Parameters to Determine Potential Aquifer Horizon: Case Study of Basement Rocks of Hussara, Northeastern Nigeria," Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 4 No. 1, 2012, pp. 12-15. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2012.41002.
S. Yusuf and S. Alkali, "Application of Secondary Resistivity Parameters to Determine Potential Aquifer Horizon: Case Study of Basement Rocks of Hussara, Northeastern Nigeria," Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 4 No. 1, 2012, pp. 12-15. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2012.41002.
References
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[1] Golden Software, IX1D, One Dimensional Resistivity Interpretation Software, Golden software Inc., Golden, 2004. [2] A. M. MacDonold and J. A. Davies, “Brief Review of Groundwater for Rural Water Supply in Sub-Saharan Africa,” British Geological Survey, London, 2000. [3] R. I. Acworth, “The Development of Crystalline Basement Aquifers in a Tropical Environment,” Quarterly Jour- nal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 20, No. 4, 1987, pp. 265-272. doi:10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1987.020.04.02 [4] M. O. Olorunfemi and S. A. Fasuyi, “Aquifer Types and the Geoelectrical/hydrogeologic Characteristics of Part of Central Basement Terrain of Nigeria,” Journal of African Earth Science, Vol. 16, No. 3, 1993, pp. 309-317. doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90051-Q [5] A. E Edet and C. S. Okereke, “Assessment of Hydrogeological Conditions in Basement Aquifers of the Precambrian Oban Massif southeastern Nigeria,” Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 36, No. 4, 1997, pp. 195-204. doi:10.1016/S0926-9851(96)00049-3 [6] F. W. Schwartz and H. Zang, “Fundamentals of Groundwater,” John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, 2004, p. 583. [7] B. L. Morris, A. R. L. Lawrence, P. J. C. Chilton, B. Adams, R. C. Calow and B. A. Klinck, “Groundwater and Its Susceptibility to Degradation: A Global Assessment of the Problem and Option for Management,” Early Warning and Assessment Report Series, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, 2003. [8] J. Gruntorad and M. Karous, “Geoelectrical Methods,” In: M. D. Stanislav, Ed., Introduction to Applied Geophysics, Reidal Publishing Company, Dordrecht, 1984, pp 263- 387. [9] J. F. Ayers, “Conjunctive Use of Geophysical and Geological Data in the Study of Alluvium Aquifer,” Ground- water, Vol. 25, No. 5, 1989, pp 625-635. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00475.x [10] W. M. Telford, L. P. Geldart and R. E. Sheriff, “Applied Geophysics,” Cambridge University Press, London, 1990, p. 770. [11] Golden Software, Surfer 8. Golden Software Inc., Golden, 2003. [12] I. B. Goni, M. M. Aji, M. M. Uba, A. A. Zarma, S. C. Alkali, M. Kachallah, E. Gadzama and M. Sulum, “Investigations to Locate Borehole and Drilling Sites Along Gumsuri-Chibok Route in NE Nigeria,” Water Resources Journal of National Association of Hydrogeologists, Vol. 14, No. 1-2, 2003, pp. 38-41. [13] S. C. Alkali, “Distribution of Shallow Sediments within the University of Maiduguri Campus: Significance in Hydrogeology and Structural Engineering,” Borno Journal of Geology, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2007, pp. 93-103. [14] J. H. Dovetone, “Log Analysis of Subsurface Geology,” John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1986, p. 273. [15] S. N. Davis, “Porosity and Permeability of Natural Materials,” In: R. J. M. DeWeist, Academic Press, New York, 1969, pp. 54-89. [16] F. W. Schwartz and H. Zang, “Fundamentals of Groundwater,” John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, 2004, p. 583.