Legal Education for Women—A Comparison of Practice in China and Turkey
ABSTRACT
The concept of human rights has been altering and expanding since the 20th century. The current development as regards human rights is that it covers the “right of education”. Since steps are being taken to improve women’s fundamental rights, the “right of education”, is one of the leading matters to be considered in order to avoid any kind of discrimination against women in the modern world. Unfortunately, as opposed to the theoretical equality of women with men in legal texts, the broader sense of women’s rights has been altering and expanding more slowly than in legal texts and the reality differs from the theoretical ideal. This is proven by the fact that there are 960 million adult illiterate all over the world, and among which 2/3 are female. In 2004, there are 121 million children out of school around the world and among which 65 million are girls. The purpose of this article is to indicate and evaluate the legal basis of education in general and legal education in universities and institutions in China and in Turkey, with special attention being paid to Taiwan region, from a historical and comparative perspective. Women, as lawmakers and a part of law enforcement, together with their rights, in particular, the “right of education” and briefly, legal education for women, are all discussed. International Covenants and national legislation which provide fundamental rights on education for women are addressed and obstacles to women’s legal education are also addressed.
The concept of human rights has been altering and expanding since the 20th century. The current development as regards human rights is that it covers the “right of education”. Since steps are being taken to improve women’s fundamental rights, the “right of education”, is one of the leading matters to be considered in order to avoid any kind of discrimination against women in the modern world. Unfortunately, as opposed to the theoretical equality of women with men in legal texts, the broader sense of women’s rights has been altering and expanding more slowly than in legal texts and the reality differs from the theoretical ideal. This is proven by the fact that there are 960 million adult illiterate all over the world, and among which 2/3 are female. In 2004, there are 121 million children out of school around the world and among which 65 million are girls. The purpose of this article is to indicate and evaluate the legal basis of education in general and legal education in universities and institutions in China and in Turkey, with special attention being paid to Taiwan region, from a historical and comparative perspective. Women, as lawmakers and a part of law enforcement, together with their rights, in particular, the “right of education” and briefly, legal education for women, are all discussed. International Covenants and national legislation which provide fundamental rights on education for women are addressed and obstacles to women’s legal education are also addressed.
Cite this paper
nullDurak, O. , Chang, Y. , Wang, N. & Zhao, Y. (2011). Legal Education for Women—A Comparison of Practice in China and Turkey. Advances in Applied Sociology, 1, 64-69. doi: 10.4236/aasoci.2011.11006.
nullDurak, O. , Chang, Y. , Wang, N. & Zhao, Y. (2011). Legal Education for Women—A Comparison of Practice in China and Turkey. Advances in Applied Sociology, 1, 64-69. doi: 10.4236/aasoci.2011.11006.
References
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[1] Gao, X. (2004). Chinese women’s education in women’s eyes. Jiangxi Institute of Education, 6, 24. [2] Huang, Q. L. (2006). Comparison of education in the rural areas between China and India. Master Degree Thesis, Jilin: Northeast Normal University. [3] Judicial Yuan (Taiwan) (2009). The employer’s number belonging to the Judicial Yuan. URL (last checked 30 November 2009) [4] http://www.judicial.gov.tw/juds/report/st-1.htm [5] Ministry of Education (Taiwan) (2009). Gender statistics indicators. URL (last checked 30 November 2009) [6] http://www.edu.tw/statistics/content.aspx?site_content_sn=8168 [7] Ministry of Education (Turkey) (2009). The population of completed education level and sex. URL (last checked 30 November 2009) [8] http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=turkiye_cinsiyet_yas_egitim_top.RDF&p_xkod=egitim_kod&p_yas=15&p_yil=2008&p_dil=1&desformat=pdf&ENVID=adnksdb2Env [9] Ministry of Education (Turkey) (2009). The population of literacy status and sex. URL (last checked 30 November 2009) [10] http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=turkiye_cinsiyet_yas_egitim_top.RDF&p_xkod=okuryazar_kod&p_yas=15&p_yil=2008&p_dil=1&desformat=pdf&ENVID=adnksdb2Env [11] Ministry of Justice (Taiwan) (2009). The number of prosecutors. URL (last checked 30 November 2009) [12] http://www.moj.gov.tw/site/moj/public/MMO/moj/stat/gender/prost.pdf [13] Tan, L. (2011). China’s gender equality and women’s development report 1995-2005. URL (last checked 21 July 2011) [14] http://en.wsic.ac.cn/researchproduction/ 1376.htm [15] The Council of Higher Education (Turkey) (2009). The statistics of state universities. URL (last checked 30 November 2009) [16] http://www.yok.gov.tr/content/view/531/ lang,tr/ [17] Turkish Statistical Institute (Turkey) (2009). Dynamic query databases and statistical tables. URL (last checked 30 November 2009) [18] http://www.tuik.gov.tr/VeriBilgi.do?tb_id=41&ust_id=11