Comparison of Alkaline Treatment of Lead Contaminated Wastewater Using Lime and Sodium Hydroxide
ABSTRACT
A lead-acid storage battery manufacturing industry in India produces several thousand liters of lead con-taminated acidic wastewater on a daily basis and uses hydrated lime to render the lead-contaminated acidic wastewater alkaline (pH = 8.0). Alkaline treatment of the acidic wastewater with lime though a cost-effective method, generates copious amount of lead-contaminated gypsum sludge. Other alkali agents such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and dolomite are also used for alkali treatment of the acid wastewaters. The present paper compares the relative efficiency of hydrated lime and 0.05 M to 1 M NaOH solutions with re-spect to 1) amounts of sludge produced, 2) immobilization of the soluble lead in the acidic wastewater (AWW) and 3) increase in TDS (total dissolved solids) levels upon treatment of AWW with NaOH solutions and lime. The study also performs equilibrium speciation upon alkaline treatment of AWW with lime and NaOH (sodium hydroxide) solutions using the Visual MINTEQ program to understand the chemical reac-tions occurring during treatment process.
A lead-acid storage battery manufacturing industry in India produces several thousand liters of lead con-taminated acidic wastewater on a daily basis and uses hydrated lime to render the lead-contaminated acidic wastewater alkaline (pH = 8.0). Alkaline treatment of the acidic wastewater with lime though a cost-effective method, generates copious amount of lead-contaminated gypsum sludge. Other alkali agents such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and dolomite are also used for alkali treatment of the acid wastewaters. The present paper compares the relative efficiency of hydrated lime and 0.05 M to 1 M NaOH solutions with re-spect to 1) amounts of sludge produced, 2) immobilization of the soluble lead in the acidic wastewater (AWW) and 3) increase in TDS (total dissolved solids) levels upon treatment of AWW with NaOH solutions and lime. The study also performs equilibrium speciation upon alkaline treatment of AWW with lime and NaOH (sodium hydroxide) solutions using the Visual MINTEQ program to understand the chemical reac-tions occurring during treatment process.
Cite this paper
nullS. Rao and G. Raju, "Comparison of Alkaline Treatment of Lead Contaminated Wastewater Using Lime and Sodium Hydroxide," Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 2 No. 3, 2010, pp. 282-290. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2010.23032.
nullS. Rao and G. Raju, "Comparison of Alkaline Treatment of Lead Contaminated Wastewater Using Lime and Sodium Hydroxide," Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 2 No. 3, 2010, pp. 282-290. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2010.23032.
References
[1] G. Macchi, M. Pagang, M. Santori, and G. Tiravanti, “Battery industrial wastewater: Pb removal and produced sludge,” Water Research, Vol. 27, pp. 1511–1518, 1993. [2] J. W. Patterson, “Lead in wastewater treatment technol-ogy,” Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 129–138, 1975. [3] R. M. Harrisom and D. P. H. Laxen, “Lead pollution causes and control,” Chapman and Hall, London, 1981. [4] Ministry of Environment and Forests. Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 2000. MOEF, New Delhi, 2000. [5] “Liquid effluent discharge standards for lead acid battery manufacturing,” Central Pollution Control Board. http:// cpcb.nic.in. [6] CPCB. “Guidelines for proper functioning and upkeep of disposal sites,” Hazardous Waste Management Series: HAZWAMS/32/2005–2006, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), New Delhi, 2005.
[1] G. Macchi, M. Pagang, M. Santori, and G. Tiravanti, “Battery industrial wastewater: Pb removal and produced sludge,” Water Research, Vol. 27, pp. 1511–1518, 1993. [2] J. W. Patterson, “Lead in wastewater treatment technol-ogy,” Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 129–138, 1975. [3] R. M. Harrisom and D. P. H. Laxen, “Lead pollution causes and control,” Chapman and Hall, London, 1981. [4] Ministry of Environment and Forests. Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 2000. MOEF, New Delhi, 2000. [5] “Liquid effluent discharge standards for lead acid battery manufacturing,” Central Pollution Control Board. http:// cpcb.nic.in. [6] CPCB. “Guidelines for proper functioning and upkeep of disposal sites,” Hazardous Waste Management Series: HAZWAMS/32/2005–2006, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), New Delhi, 2005.