Determination on Microclimatic Conditions at Vines upon Development on Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea)

Gligor  Bojkov; Sasa  Mitrev; Emilija  Arsov

doi:10.4236/as.2020.1111065

Gligor Bojkov¹^*, Sasa Mitrev², Emilija Arsov²

Abstract: One of the most important plant diseases in viticulture is gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr., the anamorph of an ascomycete fungus (Botryotinia fuckeliana Whetzel). Locality Smilica, Kavadarci, Republic of North Macedonia, was the place where experimental fields with white varieties Smedervka and Zilavka were continuously observed. Working hypothesis was to follow development of the disease after increasing glucose over 11% until the time of the grape harvest, and microclimate was monitored at the same time. In both white varieties Smederevka and Zilavka on the control variants weren’t used botricide treatments to distinguish between the variants that were conventionally treated against B. cinerea. The aim of the research was to determine how microclimatic conditions affect the development of B. cinerea and consequently to create forecasting model for gray mold. The forecasting model for B. cinerea is based on relationship between temperature and humidity in the vines’ canopies. The aim of the research is to prevent development of B. cinerea and consequently reduce the number of chemical treatments.

Keywords: Gray Mold, Ascomycete Fungus, Varieties, Working Hypothesis, Forecasting Model, Microclimatic Condition, Chemical Treatments

Cite this paper: Bojkov, G. , Mitrev, S. and Arsov, E. (2020) Determination on Microclimatic Conditions at Vines upon Development on Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea). Agricultural Sciences, 11, 1007-1016. doi: 10.4236/as.2020.1111065.

References

[1] Jarvis, W.R. (1980) Biology of Botrytis. Epidemiology. Academic Press, London, 219-250.

[2] Viret O., Keller M., Jaudzems G.V. and Cole M.F. (2004) Botrytis cinerea Infection of Grape Flowers: Light and Electron Microscopical Studies of Infection Sites. Phytopathology, 94, 850-857.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.8.850

[3] Elad, Y., Williamson, B., Tudzynski, P. and Delen, N. (2004) Botrytis spp. and Diseases They Cause in Agricultural Systems—An Introduction. In: Elad, Y., Williamson, B., Tudzynski, P. and Delen, N., Eds., Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2626-3_1

[4] Van Kan, J.A.L. (2006) Licensed to Kill: The Lifestyle of a Necrotropic Plant Pathogen. Trends in Plant Science, 11, 247-253.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2006.03.005

[5] Van Baarlen, P., Legendre, L. and Van Kan, J., (2004). Plant Defence Compounds against Botrytis Infection. In: Elad, Y., Williamson, B., Tudzynski, P. and Delen, N., Eds., Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 143-155.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2626-3_9

[6] McClellan, W.D. and Hewitt, W.B. (1973) Time of Infection and Latency of Botrytis cinerea Pers. in Vitis vinifera L. Phytopathology, 63, 1151-1157.
https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-63-1151

[7] Nair, N.G., Emmett, R.W. and Parker, F.E. (1988) Some Factors Predisposing Grape Berries to Infection by Botrytis cinerea. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 16, 257-263.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425648

[8] Gubler W.D., Marois J.J. and Bettiga L.J. (1987) Control of Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grape with Canopy Management. Plant Disease, 71, 599-601.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-71-0599

[9] Leroux, P., Fritz, R., Debieu, D., Albertini, C., Lanen, C., Bach, J., Gredt, M. and Chapeland, F. (2002) Mechanisms of Resistance to Fungicides in Field Strains of Botrytis cinerea. Pest Management Science, 58, 876-888.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.566

[10] Pejchinovski, F., and Mitrev, S. (2007) Agricultural Phytopathology (Special Section). University “Goce Delchev” Stip, Republic of North Macedonia, 1-498.

[11] Pejchinovski, F. and Mitrev, S. (2007) Agricultural Phytopathology (General Part). University “Goce Delchev” Stip, Republic of North Macedonia, 1-320.

[12] Doss, R.P., Potter, S.W., Soeldner, A.H., Christian, J.K. and Fukunaga, L.E. (1995) Adhesion of Germlings of Botrytis cinerea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61, 260-265.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.61.1.260-265.1995

[13] Doss, R.P. (1999) Composition and Enzymatic Activity of the Extracellular Matrix Secreted by Germlings of Botrytis cinerea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 404-408.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.2.404-408.1999

[14] Williamson, B., Duncan, G.H., Harrison, J.G., Harding, L.A., Elad, Y. and Zimand, G. (1995) Effect of Humidity on Infection of Rose Petals by Dry-Inoculated Conidia of Botrytis cinerea. Mycological Research, 99, 1303-1310.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81212-4

[15] Cole, L., Dewey, F.M. and Hawes, C.R. (1996) Infection Mechanisms of Botrytis species: Pre-Penetration and Pre-Infection Processes of Dry and Wet Conidia. Mycological Research, 100, 277-286.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(96)80154-7

[16] Coley-Smith, J.R. (1980) Introduction. In: Coley-Smith, J.R., Verhoeff, K. and Jarvis, W.R., Eds., The Biology of Botrytis, Academic Press, London, 7-14.