Hiding data in DNA of living organisms
ABSTRACT
Recent research has considered DNA an inter-esting medium for long-term and ultra compact information storage and a stegomedium for hid-den messages. Artificial components of DNA with encoded information can be added to the genome of living organisms, such as common bacteria. With this approach, a medium for very height densities information storage, water-marks for protection patents of genetically mo- dified organisms (GMOs) and secure public keys for decrypting hidden information in stega- nocryptography, can be obtained. In this paper, we have selected a Bacillus subtilis gene (tatAD) and use the specific properties of silent muta-tions to obtain a biologically innocuous product. An adapted code for the message insertion in this gene is proposed.
Recent research has considered DNA an inter-esting medium for long-term and ultra compact information storage and a stegomedium for hid-den messages. Artificial components of DNA with encoded information can be added to the genome of living organisms, such as common bacteria. With this approach, a medium for very height densities information storage, water-marks for protection patents of genetically mo- dified organisms (GMOs) and secure public keys for decrypting hidden information in stega- nocryptography, can be obtained. In this paper, we have selected a Bacillus subtilis gene (tatAD) and use the specific properties of silent muta-tions to obtain a biologically innocuous product. An adapted code for the message insertion in this gene is proposed.
Cite this paper
nullJiao, S. and Goutte, R. (2009) Hiding data in DNA of living organisms. Natural Science, 1, 181-184. doi: 10.4236/ns.2009.13023.
nullJiao, S. and Goutte, R. (2009) Hiding data in DNA of living organisms. Natural Science, 1, 181-184. doi: 10.4236/ns.2009.13023.
References
[1] C. C. Taylor, V. Risca, and C. Bancroft, (1999) Hiding messages in DNA microdots. Nature, 399, 533-534. [2] C. Bancroft, T. Bowler, B. Bloom, and C. C. Taylor (2001) Long-term storage of information in DNA. Sci-ence, 293(5536), 1763-1765. [3] G. C. Smith, C. C. Fiddes, J. P. Hawkins, and J. P. L. Cox, (2003) Some possible codes for encrypting data in DNA. Biotechnology, 25, 1125-1130. [4] B. Shimanovsky, J. Feng, and M. Potkonjak, (2003) Hiding data in DNA, LNCS 2578, 373-386. [5] P. C. Wong, K. K. Wong, and H. Foote, (2003) Organic data memory using the DNA approach, Communication of the ACM, 46(1). [6] M. Arita and Y. Ohashi, (2005) Secret signature inside genomic DNA biotechnol. Prog, 20 (5), 1605-1607. [7] K.Tanaka, A. Okamoto, and I. Saito, (2005) Public-key system using DNA as a one way function for key distri-bution. Biosystems, 81(1), 25-29. [8] N. Yachie, K. Sekiyma, J. Sugahara, Y. Ohashi, and M. To-mita, (2007) Alignment-based approach for durable data storage into living organisms biotechnol. Prog., 23, 501-505. [9] D. Heider and A. Barnekow, (2007) DNA-based water-marks using the DNA-Crypt algorithm, BMC Bioinfor-matica, 8, 176. [10] W. L. Nison, N. Munakata, G. Horneck, H. J. Melosh, and P. Setlow, (2000) Resistance of Bacillus endospores to extreme terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. Micbiol. Mol. Bio. Rev., 64(3), 548-57.
[1] C. C. Taylor, V. Risca, and C. Bancroft, (1999) Hiding messages in DNA microdots. Nature, 399, 533-534. [2] C. Bancroft, T. Bowler, B. Bloom, and C. C. Taylor (2001) Long-term storage of information in DNA. Sci-ence, 293(5536), 1763-1765. [3] G. C. Smith, C. C. Fiddes, J. P. Hawkins, and J. P. L. Cox, (2003) Some possible codes for encrypting data in DNA. Biotechnology, 25, 1125-1130. [4] B. Shimanovsky, J. Feng, and M. Potkonjak, (2003) Hiding data in DNA, LNCS 2578, 373-386. [5] P. C. Wong, K. K. Wong, and H. Foote, (2003) Organic data memory using the DNA approach, Communication of the ACM, 46(1). [6] M. Arita and Y. Ohashi, (2005) Secret signature inside genomic DNA biotechnol. Prog, 20 (5), 1605-1607. [7] K.Tanaka, A. Okamoto, and I. Saito, (2005) Public-key system using DNA as a one way function for key distri-bution. Biosystems, 81(1), 25-29. [8] N. Yachie, K. Sekiyma, J. Sugahara, Y. Ohashi, and M. To-mita, (2007) Alignment-based approach for durable data storage into living organisms biotechnol. Prog., 23, 501-505. [9] D. Heider and A. Barnekow, (2007) DNA-based water-marks using the DNA-Crypt algorithm, BMC Bioinfor-matica, 8, 176. [10] W. L. Nison, N. Munakata, G. Horneck, H. J. Melosh, and P. Setlow, (2000) Resistance of Bacillus endospores to extreme terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. Micbiol. Mol. Bio. Rev., 64(3), 548-57.