McLennan, S., et al. (2022) Embedded Ethics: A Proposal for Integrating Ethics into the Development of Medical AI. BMC Medical Ethics, 23, Article No. 6.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-022-00746-3

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Autonomous VR Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders Using Conversational AI—Ethical and Technical Implications and Preliminary Results

  AUTHORS: David Obremski, Carolin Wienrich

  KEYWORDS: AI Therapy, Psychotherapy, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Computer and Communications, Vol.12 No.4, April 23, 2024

  ABSTRACT: The need for psychotherapy is very high and the lack of care causes a lot of suffering and high costs. This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach to creating an AI-guided exposure therapy for fear of heights in virtual reality (VR). First, ethical principles for the use of conversational AI in psychotherapy were translated into technical requirements and made measurable. Based on this, an autonomous virtual reality exposure therapy was iteratively developed with a therapist. The feasibility and implementation of the ethical principles were tested with a patient. The patient was very satisfied with the VR setup. The AI therapist was also rated positively, although there is still room for improvement regarding conversational skills. Overall, the paper shows how AI can contribute responsibly to improving the psycho-therapeutic supply. It also provides guidelines that make ethical principles tangible and measurable for developers.